Table 1. Unadjusted associations between group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization and participant characteristics.
| Characteristicsa | Total N | No. Colonized | % Colonized | X2 | df | Univariate OR | (95% CI) | P |
| Age | ||||||||
| ≤18 years | 77 | 2 | 2.6 | 1.0 | – | – | ||
| 18–40 years | 37 | 9 | 24.3 | 15.6 | 2 | 12.1 | 2.21, 118.42 | 0.0002 |
| ≥41 years | 39 | 8 | 20.5 | 9.7 | 1.76, 96.50 | 0.001 | ||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | 66 | 7 | 10.6 | |||||
| Female | 86 | 12 | 14.0 | 0.4 | 1 | 1.0 | 0.55, 1.62 | – |
| Primary type of animal b | ||||||||
| Other | 51 | 4 | 7.8 | 1.0 | ||||
| Cattle | 50 | 11 | 22.0 | 6.0 | 2 | 3.3 | 0.88, 15.24 | |
| None | 53 | 4 | 7.8 | 1.0 | 0.18, 5.94 | |||
| Level of cattle exposure in past week | ||||||||
| None | 80 | 6 | 7.5 | 1.0 | ||||
| 1–4 times | 17 | 2 | 11.8 | 6.2 | 2 | 1.6 | 0.15, 10.37 | 0.56 |
| 5–7 times | 56 | 11 | 19.6 | 3.0 | 0.94, 10.96 | 0.04 | ||
| Level of pig exposure in past week | ||||||||
| None | 78 | 7 | 9.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| 1–4 times | 12 | 2 | 16.7 | 1.8 | 2 | 2.0 | 0.18, 12.81 | 0.41 |
| 5–7 times | 63 | 10 | 15.9 | 1.9 | 0.62, 6.03 | 0.21 | ||
| Level of sheep exposure in past week | ||||||||
| None | 94 | 14 | 14.9 | 1.0 | ||||
| 1–4 times | 4 | 1 | 25.0 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.9 | 0.03, 25.55 | 0.58 |
| 5–7 times | 55 | 4 | 7.3 | 0.5 | 0.10, 1.54 | 0.17 | ||
| Level of horse exposure in past week | ||||||||
| None | 95 | 14 | 14.7 | 1.0 | ||||
| 1–4 times | 13 | 3 | 23.1 | 5.0 | 2 | 1.7 | 0.27, 7.92 | 0.44 |
| 5–7 times | 45 | 2 | 4.4 | 0.3 | 0.03, 1.27 | 0.07 | ||
Note: The Likelihood Ratio Chi square (X2, degree of freedom (df)) was used to examine associations, which are represented by odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), and P values (P). Fisher's exact test was used for variables with cell values <5.
a
Not all numbers add up to 154 because of missing data in some categories.
b
Other category includes pigs, sheep and/or horses; “None” refers to those individuals who failed to submit an animal specimen.