Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2010 Jan 20;5(1):e8800. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008800

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Berthelot et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

PMC Copyright notice

Inline graphic — A. Evolution of in T&F. B. Evolution of in swimming. C. Cumulative evolution of in T&F (black dots) and swimming (red squares). D. Average Olympic periodicity with standard deviation in T&F and swimming. Both evolutions in T&F and swimming (A, B) are given with a 4 year smoothing average (black line). After a large period of performance improvement, hindered by the two World Wars, the development of performance slow down since 1960. A larger regression is observed in 1989. At this time, random anti-doping tests were established. The impact of the Olympic games, aka Olympic periodicity reveals that performances increase by 1% during an Olympic year (t), while they regress in the following year (t+1).

A. Evolution of in T&F. B. Evolution of in swimming. C. Cumulative evolution of in T&F (black dots) and swimming (red squares). D. Average Olympic periodicity with standard deviation in T&F and swimming. Both evolutions in T&F and swimming (A, B) are given with a 4 year smoothing average (black line). After a large period of performance improvement, hindered by the two World Wars, the development of performance slow down since 1960. A larger regression is observed in 1989. At this time, random anti-doping tests were established. The impact of the Olympic games, aka Olympic periodicity reveals that performances increase by 1% during an Olympic year (t), while they regress in the following year (t+1).