Table 1.

Selected Characteristics of Lung Cancer Cases and Controls With Interview Data Available, the EAGLE Study, Lombardy, Italy, 2002–2005^a,^b

	Women				Men
	Cases		Controls		Cases		Controls
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
Total participants enrolled	448		500		1,652		1,620
Interviewed	406	100.0	499	100.0	1,537	100.0	1,617	100.0
Area of residence
Milan	288	70.9	349	69.9	987	64.2	1,089	67.3
Monza	24	5.9	23	4.6	109	7.1	94	5.8
Brescia	47	11.6	53	10.6	203	13.2	194	12.0
Pavia	21	5.2	37	7.4	107	7.0	92	5.7
Varese	26	6.4	37	7.4	131	8.5	148	9.2
	P = 0.55				P = 0.17
Age, years (mean (SD))	64.8 (10.1)		64.1 (10.1)		66.8 (7.9)		65.8 (8.1)
	P = 0.32				P < 0.001
Educational level
None	21	5.2	24	4.8	91	5.9	66	4.1
Elementary school	128	31.5	143	28.7	625	40.7	431	26.7
Middle school	134	33.0	158	31.7	424	27.6	455	28.1
High school	104	25.6	135	27.1	314	20.4	441	27.3
University	19	4.7	39	7.8	83	5.4	224	13.9
	P = 0.35				P < 0.001
No. of jobs held
1	166	40.9	168	33.7	375	24.4	370	22.9
2	96	23.7	158	31.7	404	26.3	356	22.0
3	77	19.0	82	16.4	305	19.8	356	22.0
4	30	7.4	49	9.8	194	12.6	226	14.0
≥5	37	9.1	42	8.4	259	16.9	309	19.1
	P = 0.03				P = 0.02
Cigarette smoking
Never	103	25.4	282	56.5	29	1.9	397	24.6
Former (quit >6 months ago)	116	28.6	110	22.0	723	47.0	799	49.4
Current	187	46.1	107	21.4	785	51.1	420	26.0
Unknown	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	0.1
	P < 0.001				P < 0.001
Cigarette pack-years (mean (SD))	24.3 (23.1)		7.2 (13.5)		50.9 (28.7)		22.1 (23.2)
	P < 0.001				P < 0.001
Other cancer(s)c
No	336	82.8	448	89.8	1,306	85.0	1,473	91.1
Yes	70	17.2	51	10.2	231	15.0	144	8.9
	P = 0.002				P < 0.001
Lung cancer morphology
Adenocarcinoma	220	54.2			582	37.9
Squamous cell carcinoma	45	11.1			459	29.9
Large cell carcinoma	28	6.9			61	4.0
Non-small-cell carcinoma NOS	34	8.4			142	9.2
Small cell carcinoma	38	9.4			157	10.2
Other	26	6.4			65	4.2
Not available	15	3.7			71	4.6
			P < 0.001

Abbreviations: EAGLE, Environment And Genetics in Lung cancer Etiology; NOS, not otherwise specified; SD, standard deviation.

^aP values were derived from the chi-square test (categorical variables) or Student's t test (continuous variables).

^bPercentages may not add to 100.0 because of rounding.

^cPrimary cancer(s) (previously or newly diagnosed) other than lung cancer.