Table 4.
Population Attributable Fraction for Industries/Occupations Known (List A) to Be Associated With Lung Cancer in Italian General-Population Case-Control Studiesa
| Study (Reference No.) | Type of Controls | Study Place (Area of Italy) | Study Period | No. of Cases: Exposed/Total | PEC, % | ORb | 95% CI | PAF, % |
| Ronco et al., 1988 (69) | Population | Settimo Torinese (Northwest) | 1976–1980 | 12/58 | 20.7 | 2.3 | 0.9, 5.9 | 11.9 |
| Population | Rivoli (Northwest) | 1976–1980 | 11/68 | 16.2 | 1.4 | 0.6, 3.4 | 4.9 | |
| Bovenzi et al., 1993 (66) | Population | Trieste (Northeast) | 1979–1981; 1985–1986 | 218/756 | 28.8 | 2.2 | 1.7, 3.0 | 16.0 |
| Simonato et al., 2000 (70) | Population | Venice Islands (Northeast) | 1992–1994 | 18/73 | 24.7 | 1.0 | 0.3, 3.0 | 0.0 |
| Population | Venice Inland (Northeast) | 1992–1994 | 28/146 | 19.2 | 1.3 | 0.6, 2.2 | 4.4 | |
| Richiardi et al., 2004 (52) | Population | Turin (Northwest) | 1990–1991 | 114/482 | 23.7 | 1.9 | 1.3, 2.7 | 11.1 |
| Population | Eastern Veneto (Northeast) | 1991–1992 | 60/474 | 12.7 | 2.5 | 1.5, 4.2 | 7.8 | |
| Fano et al., 2004 (67) | Population | Civitavecchia (Center) | 1987–1995 | 26/234 | 11.1 | 1.3 | 0.8, 2.2 | 2.6 |
| Mean | 19.6 | 1.7 | 7.3 | |||||
| EAGLE (this study) | Population | Lombardy (North) | 2002–2005 | 177/1,537 | 11.5 | 1.74 | 1.27, 2.38 | 4.9 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; EAGLE, Environment And Genetics in Lung cancer Etiology; OR, odds ratio; PAF, population attributable fraction; PEC, proportion of exposed cases.
a
All results are for men except for Fano et al. (67), which included 201 (85.9%) men and 33 (14.1%) women.
b
Adjusted for smoking.