Table 2.
Approved and experimental drugs for glioblastoma
| Drug name | Mode of action | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lomustine | Alkylating agent | Marketed | |
| Carmustine | Alkylating agent | Marketed | Also sold as slow-release polymeric wafer system under Gliadel® |
| Temozolomide | Alkylating agent | Marketed | Prodrug, indicated for newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme |
| Bevacizumab (Avastin) | Anti-VEGF | Approved in 2009 | |
| Nimotuzumab | Anti-EGFR | Phase 3 | |
| TM601 | Tumor cell binder, antiangiogenic | Phase 3 planned | Synthetic form of the scorpion venom peptide chlorotoxin; also as radiolabelled formulations |
| MPC-6827 (Azixa) | Microtubule-destabilizing agent | Phase 2 | |
| CDX-110 | EGFRvIII vaccine | Phase 2 | |
| Cotara | 131I-radiolabelled mAb conjugate | Phase 2 | |
| XL184 | RTK inhibitor | Phase 2 | Targets Met, VEGFR2, Kit, Flt-3 and Tie-2 |
| TLN-4601 | Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) ligand | Phase 2 | Inhibitor of the RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway |
| CYT997 | Vascular targeting agent and tubulin inhibitor | Phase 2 | |
| BSI-201 | PARP-1 inhibitor | Phase 2 | |
| Banoxantrone (AQ4 N) | Topoisomerase inhibitor and DNA intercalator | Phase 2 | Prodrug, activated by hypoxia |
| ICT-121 | CD133 peptide vaccine | Phase 1 | Trial planned 2010 |
| ICT-107 | Dendritic cell-based vaccine | Phase 1 | Uses patient-derived, specifically primed dendritic cells |
| MP-470 | Multiple TRKi and Rad51 DNA repair inhibitor | Phase 1 |
BioWorld® Today (AHC Media LLC), Thomson Pharma® IDdb, Pharmaprojects, Company and NIH websites
Experimental treatments are usually tested in combination with approved therapies
This table shows that more recently developed compounds are targeting specific signaling pathways rather than the general DNA damaging effect of the earlier drugs