Table 2.
Steady-state supine cardiovascular and cerebrovascular measures in young and older athletes prior to and following 4 h of running at 70–80% maximal HR
| Young |
Older |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-exercise | Post-exercise | Pre-exercise | Post-exercise | |
| Cardiovascular | ||||
| HR (beats min−1) | 63 ± 6 | 81 ± 10 † | 57 ± 6 | 75 ± 9 † |
| MAP (mmHg) | 84 ± 5 | 79 ± 7 † | 92 ± 5 * | 84 ± 7 † |
| SBP (mmHg) | 123 ± 9 | 113 ± 13 † | 139 ± 10 * | 121 ± 14 † |
| DBP (mmHg) | 65 ± 4 | 61 ± 5 † | 68 ± 3 | 65 ± 4 † |
| SV (ml) | 112 ± 15 | 95 ± 20 † | 103 ± 17 | 80 ± 18 † |
 (l min−1) |
7.0 ± 1.4 | 7.6 ± 1.2 | 5.9 ± 1.1 | 5.8 ± 1.3 |
| TPR (mmHg l−1 min−1) | 12.5 ± 2.7 | 10.5 ± 1.0 † | 16.2 ± 2.9 * | 14.8 ± 2.6 † |
| Cerebrovascular | ||||
| MCAv (cm s−1) | 66 ± 6 | 76 ± 12 † | 50 ± 9 * | 52 ± 9 † |
| SMCAv (cm s−1) | 108 ± 13 | 120 ± 20 | 85 ± 16 * | 84 ± 14 |
| DMCAv (cm s−1) | 47 ± 8 | 53 ± 7 † | 32 ± 6 * | 39 ± 10 † |
| CVR (mmHg cm−1 s−1) | 1.31 ± 0.12 | 1.07 ± 0.22 † | 1.91 ± 0.32 * | 1.66 ± 0.25 † |
| Respiratory | ||||
 (mmHg) |
110 ± 4 | 107 ± 5 | 115 ± 3 * | 114 ± 5 |
 (mmHg) |
42 ± 3 | 41 ± 5 † | 38 ± 4 * | 35 ± 6 † |
| Oxygenation index | ||||
| Cerebral (%) | 67.5 ± 5.0 | 70.6 ± 5.3 | 65.3 ± 6.3 | 65.6 ± 8.2 |
| Systemic (%) | 71.9 ± 4.1 | 73.2 ± 4.0 | 68.5 ± 3.2 * | 67.0 ± 4.7 |
| Haematological | ||||
| Hb (mg dl−1) | 14.2 ± 1.1 | 14.6 ± 1.0 | 14.5 ± 0.9 | 14.9 ± 1.0 |
| Hct (%) | 42 ± 3 | 43 ± 3 | 43 ± 3 | 43 ± 4 |
| Adrenaline (pg ml−1) | 20 ± 8 | 37 ± 13 † | 17 ± 9 | 56 ± 30 †§ |
| Noradrenaline (pg ml−1) | 158 ± 39 | 283 ± 131 † | 201 ± 67 | 571 ± 114 †§ |
Values are means ±s.d. based on up to 9 young and 12 older subjects. Supine data were averaged over 3 min immediately prior to head-up tilt. HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SV, stroke volume; 
, cardiac output; TPR, total peripheral resistance; MCAv, middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity; SMCAv, systolic MCAv; DMCAv, diastolic MCAv; CVR, cerebrovascular resistance; 
, partial pressure end-tidal oxygen; 
, partial pressure end-tidal carbon dioxide; Hb, haemoglobin; Hct, haematocrit.
Different from young (P < 0.05);
different from pre-exercise;
differential alteration with exercise from young (P < 0.05).