Table 2. Animal-level (), herd-level () and within herd () true (model based with 95% highest density intervals) and apparent (with 95% confidence intervals adjusted for study design effects) seroprevalences for cattle in the Adamawa Province of Cameroon to Brucella spp., Leptospira Hardjo and Q fever.

Disease	Parameter		LHDI	UHDI		LCI	UCI
Brucellosis					0.031	0.018	0.044
		0.203	0.042	0.776	0.159	0.086	0.233
		0.161	0.000	0.345	*0.179	0.141	0.218
Leptospirosis					0.304	0.276	0.332
		0.945	0.871	1.000	0.933	0.894	0.972
					+0.760	0.685	0.836
		0.357	0.116	0.577	*0.334	0.304	0.364
Q fever					0.313	0.273	0.035
		0.681	0.443	1.000	0.853	0.780	0.926
					+0.629	0.519	0.740
		0.393	0.000	0.725	*0.363	0.324	0.403

*The mean for subpop with 1 or more test positives in herd. + Herd-level seroprevalence estimates using a cut-off of 2 test positive animals.