Table 1.
Baseline clinical and demographic characteristics by depression
| Characteristics | Total sample | No depression | Minor depression | Major depression |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 3,723 | 2,965 | 315 | 443 |
| Female | 1,782 (47.9) | 1,369 (46.2) | 152 (48.3) | 261 (58.9) |
| Nonwhite | 726 (19.5) | 555 (18.7) | 81 (25.7) | 90 (20.3) |
| High school education or less | 919 (24.7) | 696 (23.5) | 101 (32.1) | 122 (27.5) |
| Marital status single | 1,245 (33.4) | 941 (31.7) | 112 (35.6) | 192 (43.3) |
| Treatment | ||||
| None or diet | 947 (25.4) | 798 (26.9) | 71 (22.5) | 78 (17.6) |
| Oral hypoglycemic agent only | 1,746 (46.9) | 1,422 (48.0) | 143 (45.4) | 181 (40.9) |
| Any insulin | 1,030 (27.7) | 745 (25.1) | 101 (32.1) | 184 (41.5) |
| Hypertension | 2,392 (64.3) | 1,887 (63.6) | 217 (68.9) | 288 (65.0) |
| Physical activity (≤1 day/week) | 1,223 (32.9) | 873 (29.4) | 140 (44.4) | 210 (47.4) |
| Any prior microvascular event | 750 (20.2) | 580 (19.6) | 77 (24.4) | 93 (21.0) |
| Any prior macrovascular event | 1,042 (28.1) | 788 (26.7) | 108 (34.4) | 146 (33.0) |
| Age | 64.3 ± 12.5 | 64.9 ± 12.3 | 64.7 ± 13.2) | 60.1 ± 13.0) |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 8.8 ± 8.4 | 8.6 ± 8.4 | 10.2 ± 9.2) | 9.0 ± 7.5) |
| A1C | 7.8 ± 1.6 | 7.7 ± 1.5 | 7.9 ± 1.6 | 8.1 ± 1.7 |
| BMI | 31.8 ± 7.2 | 31.2 ± 6.8 | 32.3 ± 7.0 | 35.0 ± 9.1 |
| RxRisk* | 3,203 ± 2,410 | 3,124 ± 2,320 | 3,475 ± 2,517 | 3,536 ± 2,846 |
Data are n (%) or means ± SD.
*Medical comorbidity and expected cost in USD excluding diabetes and depression.