Table 3.
Linear regression coefficients for the relation between each increase of 100 mg/day in dietary magnesium intake and log-transformed biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction among postmenopausal women in the WHI-OS
| Ethnicity and biomarkers | Dietary magnesium |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1* | Model 2† | Model 3‡ | |
| All (n = 3,713) | |||
| hs-CRP (mg/l) | −0.12 ± 0.04 (0.004)§ | −0.17 ± 0.06 (0.006) | −0.23 ± 0.07 (0.002) |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | −0.15 ± 0.03 (<0.0001) | −0.12 ± 0.04 (0.005) | −0.14 ± 0.05 (0.004) |
| TNF-α-R2 (pg/ml) | −0.04 ± 0.01 (0.0004) | −0.04 ± 0.02 (0.02) | −0.04 ± 0.02 (0.06) |
| sICAM-1 (ng/ml) | −0.01 ± 0.01 (0.30) | −0.04 ± 0.02 (0.05) | −0.03 ± 0.02 (0.15) |
| sVCAM-1 (ng/ml) | −0.02 ± 0.01 (0.13)‡ | −0.04 ± 0.02 (0.05) | −0.04 ± 0.02 (0.07) |
| E-selectin (ng/ml) | −0.07 ± 0.02 (0.0005) | −0.02 ± 0.03 (0.47) | −0.01 ± 0.03 (0.71) |
| White (n = 1,922) | |||
| hs-CRP (mg/l) | −0.07 ± 0.05 (0.13) | −0.16 ± 0.07 (0.03) | −0.27 ± 0.09 (0.004) |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | −0.14 ± 0.04 (0.0001) | −0.09 ± 0.05 (0.08) | −0.19 ± 0.07 (0.006) |
| TNF-α-R2 (pg/ml) | −0.06 ± 0.01 (<0.0001) | −0.05 ± 0.02 (0.03) | −0.04 ± 0.03 (0.13) |
| sICAM-1 (ng/ml) | −0.03 ± 0.01 (0.01) | −0.02 ± 0.02 (0.37) | −0.02 ± 0.02 (0.41) |
| sVCAM-1 (ng/ml) | −0.03 ± 0.02 (0.07) | −0.02 ± 0.02 (0.38) | −0.03 ± 0.03 (0.30) |
| E-selectin (ng/ml) | −0.09 ± 0.03 (0.0003) | −0.04 ± 0.04 (0.25) | −0.03 ± 0.05 (0.48) |
| African American (n = 1,123) | |||
| hs-CRP (mg/l) | −0.17 ± 0.07 (0.02) | −0.21 ± 0.11 (0.06) | −0.34 ± 0.14 (0.01) |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | −0.18 ± 0.05 (0.0006) | −0.11 ± 0.08 (0.16) | −0.17 ± 0.10 (0.08) |
| TNF-α-R2 (pg/ml) | −0.02 ± 0.02 (0.37) | −0.007 ± 0.03 (0.83) | −0.008 ± 0.04 (0.83) |
| sICAM-1 (ng/ml) | 0.009 ± 0.04 (0.79) | −0.08 ± 0.05 (0.12) | −0.08 ± 0.07 (0.21) |
| sVCAM-1 (ng/ml) | −0.02 ± 0.02 (0.50) | −0.04 ± 0.04 (0.24) | −0.03 ± 0.04 (0.42) |
| E-selectin (ng/ml) | −0.05 ± 0.03 (0.13) | −0.01 ± 0.05 (0.80) | −0.02 ± 0.06 (0.79) |
| Hispanic (n = 423) | |||
| hs-CRP (mg/l) | −0.12 ± 0.10 (0.25) | −0.16 ± 0.16 (0.34) | 0.07 ± 0.20 (0.73) |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | −0.07 ± 0.08 (0.43) | −0.16 ± 0.13 (0.21) | −0.03 ± 0.16 (0.87) |
| TNF-α-R2 (pg/ml) | −0.04 ± 0.03 (0.19) | −0.09 ± 0.05 (0.05) | −0.09 ± 0.06 (0.12) |
| sICAM-1 (ng/ml) | −0.04 ± 0.03 (0.20) | −0.06 ± 0.05 (0.22) | 0.01 ± 0.06 (0.85) |
| sVCAM-1 (ng/ml) | −0.01 ± 0.04 (0.71) | −0.10 ± 0.06 (0.12) | −0.14 ± 0.08 (0.07) |
| E-selectin (ng/ml) | −0.07 ± 0.06 (0.22) | −0.05 ± 0.09 (0.55) | −0.07 ± 0.11 (0.51) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander (n = 245) | |||
| hs-CRP (mg/l) | −0.14 ± 0.34 (0.68) | −0.04 ± 0.52 (0.94) | 0.23 ± 0.65 (0.72) |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | −0.36 ± 0.14 (0.01) | −0.33 ± 0.21 (0.12) | −0.48 ± 0.27 (0.07) |
| TNF-α-R2 (pg/ml) | 0.04 ± 0.05 (0.39) | 0.001 ± 0.07 (0.98) | 0.02 ± 0.09 (0.81) |
| sICAM-1 (ng/ml) | 0.08 ± 0.05 (0.11) | 0.03 ± 0.08 (0.73) | 0.12 ± 0.09 (0.19) |
| sVCAM-1 (ng/ml) | 0.02 ± 0.06 (0.71) | −0.06 ± 0.09 (0.48) | −0.07 ± 0.11 (0.52) |
| E-selectin (ng/ml) | 0.09 ± 0.09 (0.30) | 0.22 ± 0.13 (0.09) | 0.44 ± 0.16 (0.008) |
Data are means ± SEM (P). n = 3,713.
*Model 1 adjusted for matching factors (age, race/ethnicity, clinical center, and time of blood draw), smoking, alcohol, total energy expenditure/week, total energy intake, BMI, and case-control status.
†Model 2 adjusted for variables in model 1 plus dietary fiber.
‡Model 3 adjusted for variables in model 2 plus fruit, vegetable, folate intake, and total saturated and trans fat intake.
§P values are from multiple linear regression models for the relation between dietary magnesium intake (per 100 mg/day increase) and log-transformed biomarkers.