Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 1,294 FDS participants with type 2 diabetes classified by primary or secondary CVD prevention status
| Primary prevention | Secondary prevention | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 651 | 625 | |
| Age (years) | 60.7 ± 11.2 | 67.6 ± 10.1 | <0.001 |
| Male sex (%) | 45.3 | 52.8 | 0.008 |
| Ethnic background (%) | |||
| Anglo-Celt | 62.1 | 65.0 | |
| Southern European | 20.0 | 16.5 | |
| Other European | 7.8 | 9.0 | 0.66 |
| Asian | 3.2 | 3.2 | |
| Aboriginal | 1.5 | 1.3 | |
| Other | 5.4 | 5.1 | |
| Education beyond primary level (%) | 73.8 | 74.6 | 0.75 |
| Not fluent in English (%) | 16.7 | 13.6 | 0.14 |
| Currently married/de facto relationship (%) | 67.2 | 64.7 | 0.38 |
| Smoking status (%) | 52.4 | 36.7 | |
| Never | |||
| Former | 34.4 | 46.8 | <0.001 |
| Current | 13.3 | 16.6 | |
| Any exercise in past 2 weeks (%) | 75.2 | 69.0 | 0.014 |
| Alcohol consumption (standard drinks/day) | 0 [0–0.8] | 0 [0–0.3] | 0.020 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 3.0 [0.8–7.0] | 5.0 [1.4–11.0] | <0.001 |
| Fasting serum glucose (mmol/l) | 8.4 [6.8–10.9] | 8.5 [6.9–10.7] | 0.69 |
| A1C (%) | 7.4 [6.3–8.7] | 7.5 [6.5–8.9] | 0.054 |
| Diabetes treatment (% diet/oral agents/insulin ± oral agents) | 35.9/55.3/8.8 | 27.7/57.2/15.1 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.9 ± 5.4 | 29.1 ± 5.3 | 0.007 |
| Abdominal obesity (%; by waist circumference*) | 66.2 | 62.4 | 0.18 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 146 ± 22 | 156 ± 24 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80 ± 11 | 81 ± 11 | 0.08 |
| Taking antihypertensive medication (%) | 37.5 | 65.1 | <0.001 |
| Total serum cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.4 ± 1.1 | 5.5 ± 1.2 | 0.45 |
| Serum HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.08 ± 0.33 | 1.04 ± 0.32 | 0.015 |
| Serum triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.8 (1.1–3.2) | 2.0 (1.1–3.4) | 0.039 |
| Lipid-lowering therapy (%) | 7.2 | 14.0 | <0.001 |
| Regular aspirin use (≥75 mg/day) | 7.7 | 36.6 | <0.001 |
| Urinary ACR (mg/mmol) | 2.4 (0.6–9.7) | 4.0 (0.9–18.0) | <0.001 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (%) | 13.0 | 29.2 | <0.001 |
| Peripheral neuropathy (%) | 25.0 | 37.1 | <0.001 |
| Any retinopathy (%) | 12.7 | 20.3 | <0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease (%) | 0 | 57.1 | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease (%) | 0 | 21.0 | <0.001 |
| Peripheral arterial disease (%) | 0 | 60.5 | <0.001 |
Data are means ± SD, %, median [interquartile range], or geometric mean (SD range).
*Men ≥94 cm; women ≥80 cm.