Fig. 5.

Immunoblot analysis of representative stress kinases and their phosphorylated forms using Ppara^−/− mouse livers. The same samples used in Fig. 3D (whole liver lysate, 100 µg of protein) were used. The bands shown are representative of four independent experiments. The band intensity of phosphorylated proteins was quantified densitometrically, normalized to that of the corresponding total protein, and subsequently normalized to that in the EtOH-fed Ppara^−/− mice without PPC treatment since phosphorylated proteins could not be detected in controls. Results are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 6/group). p, phosphorylated protein; t, total protein; **P < 0.01.