FIG. 6.

The effects of M1-polarized KCs on hepatocyte insulin responsiveness. Hepatocytes and KCs were isolated from rat livers, plated, and cultured as described in research design and methods. After the indicated exposures, hepatocytes were incubated with 100 nmol/l insulin for 10 min, and protein extracts were prepared and insulin receptor (IR) phosphorylation, IRS-1 phosphorylation, IRS-1–associated PI 3-kinase activity, and Akt phosphorylation were assessed as described in research design and methods. Data are presented as means ± SE. Statistical significance is indicated. n = a minimum of four for each experimental condition.