Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics (n=30).
| Male gender, n (%) | 15 (50.0) |
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 80.5±7.7 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 17 (56.7) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 11 (36.7) |
| Chronic renal insufficiency,a n (%) | 10 (33.3) |
| Peripheral vascular disease,b n (%) | 5 (16.7) |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 13 (43.3) |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 10 (33.3) |
| Prior myocardial infarction, n (%) | 2 (6.7) |
| Prior stroke, n (%) | 2 (6.7) |
| Prior bypass graft surgery, n (%) | 3 (10.0) |
| Prior percutaneous coronary intervention, n (%) | 7 (23.3) |
| Chronic atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 12 (40.0) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease,c n (%) | 6 (20.0) |
| Pulmonary hypertension,d n (%) | 23 (76.7) |
| Permanent pacemaker, n (%) | 2 (6.7) |
| NYHA class, n (%) | |
| - I | 0 (0.0) |
| - II | 7 (23.3) |
| - III | 13 (43.3) |
| - IV | 10 (33.3) |
| Left ventricular function, n (%) | |
| - Poor | 2 (6.7) |
| - Moderate | 5 (16.7) |
| - Good | 23 (76.7) |
| Logistic EuroSCORE, mean ± SD | 15±10 |
| STS Risk score, mean ± SD | 5.2±2.9 |
| Peak pressure gradient, mm Hg, mean ± SD | 79±25 |
| Mean pressure gradient, mm Hg, mean ± SD | 52±20 |
| Aortic valve area, cm2, mean ± SD | 0.71±0.19 |
a Renal insufficiency=estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 using the four-variable modified diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation : eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) = 32788 × serum creatinine −1.154 × age −0.203 × 0.742 [if the patient is female] × 1.210 [if the patient is black]. Where serum creatinine is in μ;g/dl, and age is in years. b Peripheral vascular disease is defined by a history of symptomatic claudication, previous or planned intervention on abdominal aorta or limb arteries and/or evident peripheral arterial disease on angiogram. c Chronic pulmonary disease=a history of respiratory problems associated with maintenance inhaled bronchodilator therapy. d Pulmonary hypertension=pulmonary artery systolic pressure >30 mmHg.