Table 3.

Chaotropic-activity and water-activity values for solutes and solute combinations used to supplement growth media.a

	Added solute(s); concentration [M]
Medium designationa	Glycerol	NaCl	KCl	Fructose	Glucose	Sucrose	Chaotropic activity (kJ kg–1)b	Water activityc
1	6.84	0	0	0	0	0	Highly chaotropic (15.27)	0.714
2	7.06	0	0	0	0	0	Highly chaotropic (16.64)	0.702
3	5.34	0	0	0	0	0.73	Relatively neutral (12.48d)	0.699
4	7.48	0	0	0	0	0	Highly chaotropic (18.05)	0.686
5	7.48	0	0	0	0	0	Highly chaotropic (18.05)	0.685
6	5.97	0	0	0	0	0.73	Relatively neutral (11.11d)	0.670
7	3.91	1.20	0.13	0	0	0.73	Relatively neutral (−2.75d,e)	0.667
8	4.34	0	0	1.11	1.11	0	Relatively neutral (9.73d)	0.665
9	4.67	1.20	0.13	0	0	0.73	Relatively neutral (−2.75d,e)	0.656
10	7.60	0	0	0	0	0	Highly chaotropic (28.80)	0.655
11	7.60	0	0	0	0	0	Highly chaotropic (20.80)	0.653
12	6.19	1.20	0.13	0	0	0	Relatively neutral (2.79d)	0.647
13	7.65	0	0	0	0	0	Highly chaotropic (20.88)	0.644
14	0	0	0	4.80	0	0	Highly chaotropic (20.80)	0.760

^aSee Fig. 2A–I. The pH of all media was 5.75, except for Medium 4 (pH 4).

^bSee Hallsworth and colleagues (2003a).

^cMeasured at 30°C.

^dExtrapolated from agar gel-point curve.

^eMedia were slightly kosmotropic so the activity value is negative.