Table 3.

Differences in the time course for postprandial plasma glucose and serum insulin, ketone body, FFA and triglyceride levels between the moderate and strict CARD subjects after intake of the two meals

	High-carbohydrate meal
	Moderate CARD subjects (n = 18)				Strict CARD subjects (n = 13)				P*
	Baseline	30 min	60 min	120 min	Baseline	30 min	60 min	120 min
Glucose (mg/dl)	129 ± 18	214 ± 34	229 ± 35	213 ± 39	142 ± 20	223 ± 33	245 ± 42	227 ± 48	0.13
Insulin (μIU/ml)	6.2 ± 4.6	24.2 ± 13.4	36.3 ± 26.4	37.3 ± 30.8	6.2 ± 2.2	18.2 ± 7.3	29.9 ± 13.2	30.8 ± 13.6	0.51
BHB (μmol/l)	80 ± 55	33 ± 14	25 ± 7	17 ± 4	231 ± 169	104 ± 89	53 ± 39	29 ± 14	0.001
Acetoacetate(μmol/l)	22.5 ± 13.8	13.8 ± 5.3	13.5 ± 5.6	15.4 ± 4.1	60.2 ± 40.5	32.9 ± 25.4	24.3 ± 14.3	21.5 ± 7.9	0.001
FFAs (mEq/l)	0.50 ± 0.15	0.35 ± 0.13	0.24 ± 0.10	0.11 ± 0.04	0.69 ± 0.29	0.44 ± 0.14	0.31 ± 0.16	0.14 ± 0.07	0.06
Triglyceride (mg/dl)	94 ± 41	101 ± 41	103 ± 40	107 ± 43	108 ± 59	109 ± 48	106 ± 47	95 ± 44	0.014
	Low-carbohydrate meal
	Moderate CARD subjects (n = 18)				Strict CARD subjects (n = 13)				P*
	Baseline	30 min	60 min	120 min	Baseline	30 min	60 min	120 min
Glucose (mg/dl)	135 ± 23	137 ± 25	139 ± 25	137 ± 25	144 ± 19	151 ± 16	151 ± 19	149 ± 16	0.35
Insulin (μIU/ml)	7.1 ± 5.7	10.9 ± 7.8	12.7 ± 9.3	11.7 ± 8.8	5.5 ± 2.4	9.6 ± 3.3	10.1 ± 3.1	10.9 ± 5.2	0.67
BHB (μmol/l)	56 ± 30	51 ± 19	59 ± 23	78 ± 32	232 ± 247	187 ± 195	174 ± 211	179 ± 139	0.012
Acetoacetate (μmol/l)	17.4 ± 9.1	20.6 ± 8.0	27.1 ± 11.0	42.1 ± 22.0	56.5 ± 44.6	63.9 ± 57.9	69.0 ± 67.1	84.4 ± 51.2	0.95
FFAs (mEq/l)	0.52 ± 0.21	0.46 ± 0.22	0.46 ± 0.22	0.54 ± 0.21	0.63 ± 0.32	0.50 ± 0.15	0.52 ± 0.19	0.59 ± 0.14	0.53
Triglyceride (mg/dl)	95 ± 35	103 ± 36	125 ± 44	169 ± 62	77 ± 30	83 ± 27	108 ± 42	152 ± 71	0.89

Values are means ± SD. CARD: carbohydrate-reduced diet, BHB: β-hydroxybutyrate, FFAs: free fatty acids.

*: P for the difference in the time course between the moderate and strict CARD subjects.