Table 1. Ecosystem attributes measured in simulations of increasing fishing and nearshore habitat pressure in the Northern British Columbia Ecopath with Ecosim marine food web model.

Attribute	Definition	Reference
Resilience	The capacity of an ecosystem to absorb perturbations while retaining its essential structure and function, including the identities of the component species. (see equation 1)	[16]
NPP / Biomass	The ratio of net primary production (NPP) to total biomass (less detritus and fishery discards) in the ecosystem; a measure of ecosystem maintenance costs.	[13]
Shannon diversity	Both the number of species and the evenness of biomass distribution among species.	[13], [14]
Mean trophic level	Biomass-weighted average trophic level of all species in the ecosystem.	[43], [63]