Table 1.
Selected characteristics of prostate cancer cases and controls genotyped for SNPs in DNA repair genes, by race
| Caucasians | African - Americans | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Cases (N=1,308) | Controls (N=1,266) | P-value† | Cases (N=149) | Controls (N=85) | P-value† |
| Age (years); n (%) | 0.36 | 0.0002 | ||||
| 35–49 | 102 (7.8) | 107 (8.5) | 16 (10.7) | 19 (22.4) | ||
| 50–54 | 188 (14.4) | 178 (14.1) | 26 (17.5) | 31 (36.5) | ||
| 55–59 | 325 (24.9) | 343 (27.1) | 32 (21.5) | 15 (17.7) | ||
| 60–64 | 395 (30.2) | 334 (26.3) | 38 (25.5) | 14 (16.5) | ||
| 65–69 | 153 (11.7) | 160 (12.6) | 24 (16.1) | 4 (4.7) | ||
| 70–74 | 145 (11.1) | 144 (11.4) | 13 (8.7) | 2 (2.4) | ||
| First-degree family history of prostate cancer; n (%) | <0.0001 | 0.04 | ||||
| No | 1,025 (78.4) | 1,125 (88.9) | 119 (79.9) | 75 (88.2) | ||
| Yes | 283 (21.6) | 141 (11.1) | 30 (20.1) | 10 (11.8) | ||
| Body mass index (BMI), kg/m2 n (%) | 0.34 | 0.39 | ||||
| < 25.0 | 429 (32.8) | 389 (30.7) | 38 (25.5) | 21 (24.7) | ||
| 25.0–29.9 | 637 (48.7) | 618 (48.8) | 69 (46.1) | 33 (38.8) | ||
| ≥ 30 | 242 (18.5) | 259 (20.5) | 42 (28.2) | 31 (36.5) | ||
| Smoking status; n (%) | 0.13 | 0.64 | ||||
| Non smoker | 522 (39.9) | 541 (42.7) | 63 (42.3) | 31 (36.5) | ||
| Former smoker | 631 (48.2) | 561 (44.3) | 45 (30.2) | 30 (35.3) | ||
| Current smoker | 155 (11.9) | 164 (13.0) | 41 (27.5) | 24 (28.2) | ||
| Education; n (%) | 0.85 | 0.09 | ||||
| High school or less | 230 (17.6) | 237 (18.7) | 57 (38.3) | 24 (28.2) | ||
| Some college | 324 (24.8) | 300 (23.7) | 49 (32.9) | 23 (27.1) | ||
| College degree | 369 (28.2) | 354 (28.0) | 21 (14.1) | 21 (24.7) | ||
| Graduate degree | 385 (29.4) | 375 (29.6) | 22 (14.7) | 17 (20.0) | ||
| Prostate cancer screening history‡; n (%) | <0.0001 | 0.002 | ||||
| None | 135 (10.3) | 168 (13.3) | 22 (14.8) | 15 (17.7) | ||
| DRE only | 223 (17.1) | 482 (38.1) | 34 (22.8) | 36 (42.3) | ||
| PSA | 950 (72.6) | 616 (48.7) | 93 (62.4) | 34 (40.0) | ||
| Gleason score, n (%) | ||||||
| 2–4 | 66 (5.1) | 5 (3.4) | ||||
| 5–6 | 681 (52.1) | 61 (40.9) | ||||
| 7 (3+4) | 355 (27.1) | 53 (35.6) | ||||
| 7 (4+3) | 76 (5.8) | 14 (9.4) | ||||
| 8–10 | 126 (9.6) | 14 (9.4) | ||||
| Missing | 4 (0.3) | 2 (1.3) | ||||
| Stage of cancer, n (%) | ||||||
| Localized | 1,022 (78.1) | 118 (79.2) | ||||
| Regional | 254 (19.4) | 26 (17.5) | ||||
| Distant | 32 (2.5) | 5 (3.4) | ||||
| PSA valueξ (ng/ml); n (%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| 0.01–3.9 | 178 (13.6) | 1,175 (92.8) | 11 (7.4) | 78 (91.8) | ||
| 4.0–9.9 | 705 (53.9) | 74 (5.9) | 91 (61.1) | 6 (7.1) | ||
| 10.0–19.9 | 188 (14.4) | 15 (1.2) | 19 (12.8) | 1 (1.2) | ||
| ≥ 20 | 118 (9.0) | 2 (0.2) | 20 (13.4) | - | ||
| Missing | 119 (9.1) | - | 8 (5.4) | - | ||
†
Chi-square p-value;
‡
Prostate cancer screening history within the 5 years before prostate cancer diagnosis or reference date.
ξ
Serum PSA value at prostate cancer diagnosis for cases and at interview for controls Abbreviations: DRE - digital rectal examination; PSA - prostate specific antigen.