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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jan 26.
Published in final edited form as: Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2009 Jan;35(1):29–44. doi: 10.1177/0146167208325772

TABLE 1.

Dialectical Coding Scheme

Category Example
Contradiction
 Within statement I am friendly, but shy; I am enthusiastic and depressed about life; I am lazy and a hard worker at times; I am a pebble, small yet strong.
 Between statement I am easily stressed out & I am able to remain calm in any situation; I am practical & I am a dreamer; I am caring & I am sometimes selfish; I am hopeful & I am pessimistic.
 Not-self-statement I am not a good student; I am not from a wealthy family; I am an ex-smoker.
Change
 Dynamic statement Recent change: I am a new student at Berkeley; I had a girlfriend; I am fatter than I used to be.
Ongoing change: I am a teacher-in-training; I am learning to ski; I am deciding what classes to take.
Active state of being: I am new; I am living; I am searching.
Anticipated change: I am going home after this; I am going to be 19 years old in April; I am going to be a doctor; I am a prospective graduate student.
Desired change: I am in search of a girlfriend; I want a family.
Contemplated change: I am thinking of volunteering at a clinic.
 Temporal modification I am sometimes wasteful with money; I am grumpy in the morning; I am hungry right now; I am too driven at times.
 Situational modification I am stressed out at school; I am shy around people I don't know very well.
 Qualitative modification I am somewhat outgoing; I am a little bit selfish; I am fairly short.
Holism
 Holistic statement I am someone insignificant in the universe; I am a mortal person; I am a Homo sapiens; I am a living form.
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