Table 3. Bivariate Associations between Emotional Maltreatment Types and Dependent Variables.
| EA Ms (SDs) |
VA Ms (SDs) |
IR Ms (SDs) |
A Ms (SDs) |
VE Ms (SDs) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | |
| Attachment to Caregivers | ||||||||||
| Total Sample | 2.6 (.38) |
2.6 (.32) |
2.6 (.35) |
2.5 (.34) |
2.5 (.36) |
2.6 (.28) |
2.6 (.35) |
2.5 (.34) |
2.6 (.35) |
2.5 (.35) |
| Females | 2.6 (.42) |
2.6 (.28) |
2.6 (.35) |
2.6 (.31) |
2.6 (.36) |
2.7 (.29) |
2.6 (.35) |
2.7 (.27) |
2.6 (.36) |
2.6 (.29) |
| Males | 2.5 (.36) |
2.5 (.34) |
2.5 (.35) |
2.4 (.37) |
2.5 (.37) |
2.5 (.26) |
2.5 (.35) |
2.4 (.34) |
2.5 (.34) |
2.5 (.37) |
| Attachment to Parents | ||||||||||
| Total Sample | 2.6 (.45) |
2.5 (.50) |
2.6 (.48) |
2.5 (.47) |
2.6 (.49) |
2.6 (.45) |
2.6 (.46) |
2.5 (.54) |
2.6 (.50) |
2.6 (.44) |
| Females | 2.6 (.44) |
2.5 (.57) |
2.5 (.55) |
2.6 (.43) |
2.6 (.53) |
2.6 (.52) |
2.5 (.51) |
2.6 (.62) |
2.5 (.56) |
2.6 (.41) |
| Males | 2.6 (.45) |
2.6 (.42) |
2.6 (.41) |
2.4* (.52) |
2.6 (.45) |
2.6 (.37) |
2.6 (.41) |
2.5 (.50) |
2.6 (.42) |
2.6 (.45) |
| Attachment to Peers | ||||||||||
| Total Sample | 2.5 (.37) |
2.4 (.41) |
2.5 (.39) |
2.5 (.41) |
2.5 (.41) |
2.4 (.33) |
2.5 (.36) |
2.4* (.50) |
2.5 (.41) |
2.5 (.33) |
| Females | 2.5 (.40) |
2.5 (.41) |
2.5 (.40) |
2.5 (.43) |
2.5 (.43) |
2.5 (.32) |
2.5 (.35) |
2.4 (.63) |
2.5 (.43) |
2.5 (.28) |
| Males | 2.5 (.35) |
2.4* (.40) |
2.5 (.38) |
2.5 (.40) |
2.5 (.39) |
2.4 (.33) |
2.5 (.36) |
2.4 (.43) |
2.5 (.39) |
2.5 (.36) |
| Social Acc. | ||||||||||
| Total Sample | 3.1 (.76) |
3.0 (.80) |
3.1 (.75) |
2.8* (.87) |
3.0 (.77) |
2.9 (.82) |
3.1 (.75) |
2.9 (.90) |
3.0 (.82) |
3.0 (.68) |
| Females | 3.0 (.74) |
3.0 (.84) |
3.1 (.75) |
2.8 (.91) |
3.0 (.80) |
3.0 (.81) |
3.0 (.74) |
2.8 (1.1) |
3.0 (.84) |
3.1 (.63) |
| Males | 3.1 (.79) |
3.0 (.76) |
3.1 (.75) |
2.8t (.84) |
3.1 (.75) |
2.9 (.86) |
3.1 (.77) |
3.0 (.79) |
3.0 (.80) |
3.0 (.72) |
| Self-Esteem | ||||||||||
| Total Sample | 3.4 (.67) |
3.3 (.63) |
3.4 (.62) |
3.1* (.71) |
3.4 (.65) |
3.3 (.64) |
3.4 (.66) |
3.3 (.61) |
3.4 (.66) |
3.3 (.63) |
| Females | 3.4 (.74) |
3.4 (.62) |
3.4 (.66) |
3.3 (.70) |
3.4 (.67) |
3.3 (.67) |
3.4 (.66) |
3.2 (.72) |
3.4 (.64) |
3.2 (.76) |
| Males | 3.4 (.62) |
3.3 (.64) |
3.4 (.59) |
2.9* (.67) |
3.3 (.64) |
3.3 (.63) |
3.3 (.66) |
3.3 (.56) |
3.3 (.67) |
3.4 (.54) |
| Anxiety | ||||||||||
| Total Sample | 50.8 (10.4) |
52.7 (10.6) |
51.3 (10.6) |
54.2t (10.2) |
51.9 (10.5) |
51.7 (10.5) |
51.1 (10.4) |
54.7* (10.4) |
52.6 (10.4) |
49.9t (10.7) |
| Females | 52.2 (11.7) |
53.2 (11.4) |
52.4 (11.5) |
53.9 (11.6) |
52.6 (11.7) |
53.4 (10.8) |
52.3 (11.3) |
55.5 (12.7) |
53.7 (11.0) |
49.5t (12.5) |
| Males | 49.7 (9.3) |
52.2 (9.6) |
50.4 (9.7) |
54.5t (8.1) |
51.3 (9.4) |
49.8 (10.1) |
50.0 (9.4) |
54.3t (9.2) |
51.4 (9.6) |
50.2 (9.4) |
| Posttraumatic Stress | ||||||||||
| Total Sample | 47.2 (8.7) |
50.5* (10.5) |
48.3 (9.4) |
51.9* (11.3) |
48.8 (9.9) |
50.0 (9.8) |
48.8 (10.0) |
50.2 (9.5) |
49.8 (10.0) |
47.0* (9.4) |
| Females | 47.2 (9.2) |
50.5t (10.7) |
48.3 (10.0) |
51.9 (10.6) |
49.0 (10.5) |
50.1 (9.3) |
49.2 (10.2) |
49.3 (10.6) |
49.8 (10.1) |
47.0 (10.4) |
| Males | 47.1 (8.4) |
50.5* (10.5) |
48.3 (9.0) |
52.0 (12.4) |
48.7 (9.4) |
50.0 (10.6) |
48.3 (9.8) |
50.7 (8.9) |
49.8 (10.00 |
47.0 (8.7) |
| Life Satisfaction | ||||||||||
| Total Sample | 2.7 (.27) |
2.7 (.27) |
2.7 (.27) |
2.7 (.28) |
2.7 (.26) |
2.7 (.30) |
2.7 (.26) |
2.6* (.30) |
2.7 (.27) |
2.7 (.28) |
| Females | 2.7 (.31) |
2.7 (.27) |
2.7 (.27) |
2.6 (.33) |
2.7 (.30) |
2.7 (.25) |
2.7 (.28) |
2.7 (.33) |
2.7 (.30) |
2.8 (.25) |
| Males | 2.8 (.22) |
2.7* (.28) |
2.7 (.27) |
2.7 (.19) |
2.7 (.23) |
2.6 (.35) |
2.7 (.24) |
2.6t (.29) |
2.7 (.24) |
2.7 (.29) |
| Social Problems (CBCL) |
||||||||||
| Total Sample | 61.7 (9.5) |
61.7 (9.1) |
61.5 (9.1) |
62.2 (10.3) |
62.3 (9.6) |
59.1* (7.2) |
61.8 (9.3) |
61.0 (9.2) |
61.7 (9.5) |
61.6 (8.7) |
| Females | 63.7 (10.9) |
61.5 (10.2) |
62.8 (10.3) |
61.2 (11.1) |
63.6 (10.9) |
57.7* (6.8) |
62.6 (10.3) |
61.1 (11.6) |
63.1 (10.6) |
60.1 (10.1) |
| Males | 60.1 (8.0) |
61.9 (8.0) |
60.5 (7.8) |
63.8t (9.1) |
61.2 (8.2) |
60.5 (7.4) |
61.0 (8.2) |
61.0 (7.8) |
60.2 (8.1) |
62.6 (7.7) |
| Emotional/Behavioral Problems (CBCL) |
||||||||||
| Total Sample | 62.7 (11.7) |
62.1 (11.6) |
62.2 (11.4) |
62.9 (12.4) |
63.2 (11.5) |
59.1 (11.7) |
62.8 (11.3) |
60.6 (12.6) |
62.2 (11.7) |
62.7 (11.4) |
| Females | 63.5 (11.6) |
60.6 (11.3) |
62.0 (11.1) |
60.9 (12.5) |
63.0 (11.6) |
57.0* (9.8) |
62.5 (10.9) |
57.3t (13.6) |
62.4 (11.2) |
59.8 (12.1) |
| Males | 62.1 (11.8) |
63.7 (11.8) |
62.4 (11.7) |
65.7 (12.1) |
63.3 (11.5) |
61.1 (13.2) |
63.1 (11.8) |
62.5 (11.8) |
62.1 (12.3) |
64.6 (10.6) |
Note: EA = Emotional Maltreatment; VA = Verbal Aggression; IR = Inappropriate Responsibility; A = Abandonment; VE = Violence Exposure.
*
≤ .05
t
≤ .10