Table 1.

Potential benefits and risks related to weight loss in older adults

Health benefits of weight loss

Reduced risk for developing type 2 diabetes in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance

Reduced cardiovascular risk—improved glycemic, lipid, and blood pressure control

Potentially reduced mortality risk from CVD (with intentional weight loss in obese patients)

Improved respiratory function and obstructive sleep apnea control

Improved functional capacity and reduced musculoskeletal comorbidities

Improved depressive symptoms, sense of well-being, and quality of life

Health risks of weight loss

Potentially increased mortality risk (with unintentional weight loss and less with intentional weight loss)

Loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) if not combined with regular exercise

Loss of bone mineral density, osteoporosis, and increased risk for fractures

Increased risk of specific protein and vitamin deficiencies

Increased risk of gallstone attacks (in rapid weight loss)