Table 3.
Prevention Behavior | No. of Participants | No. of Behaviors Listed | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
Total Prevention, Mean (95% CI) | P Valueb | Primary Prevention, Mean (95% CI)c | P Valueb | Secondary Prevention, Mean (95% CI) | P Valueb | ||
Has had colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopyd | |||||||
Never | 411 | 1.21 (1.09-1.33) | <.001 | 0.85 (0.73-0.97) | .003 | 0.37 (0.31-0.43) | .04 |
>5 years ago | 99 | 1.39 (1.17-1.61) | 1.00 (0.82-1.18) | 0.39 (0.27-0.51) | |||
≤5 years | 537 | 1.64 (1.44-1.84) | 1.14 (1.00-1.28) | 0.50 (0.40-0.60) | |||
Fruit and vegetable intake | |||||||
<1 serving/day | 131 | 1.28 (1.02-1.54) | .66 | 0.93 (0.67-1.19) | .92 | 0.35 (0.23-0.47) | .16 |
1-4 servings/day | 1,462 | 1.37 (1.29-1.45) | 0.96 (0.88-1.04) | 0.41 (0.37-0.45) | |||
≥5 servings/day | 290 | 1.30 (1.10-1.50) | 0.98 (0.82-1.14) | 0.32 (0.24-0.40) | |||
Smoking status | |||||||
Current | 342 | 1.58 (1.48-1.68) | .01 | 1.56 (1.46-1.66) | .01 | 0.02 (0-0.04) | .41 |
Former | 558 | 1.84 (1.74-1.94) | 1.80 (1.70-1.90) | 0.04 (0-0.08) | |||
Never | 952 | 1.75 (1.67-1.83) | 1.70 (1.62-1.78) | 0.05 (0.03-0.07) | |||
Sunscreen use | |||||||
Never | 486 | 1.93 (1.83-2.03) | .004 | 1.87 (1.77-1.97) | .01 | 0.06 (0.04-0.08) | .89 |
Rarely | 282 | 2.11 (1.99-2.23) | 2.05 (1.91-2.19) | 0.07 (0.01-0.13) | |||
Sometimes | 355 | 2.19 (2.05-2.33) | 2.11 (1.99-2.23) | 0.08 (0.04-0.12) | |||
Often | 258 | 2.29 (2.05-2.43) | 2.21 (2.07-2.35) | 0.08 (0.04-0.12) | |||
Always | 281 | 2.16 (1.98-2.34) | 2.08 (1.90-2.26) | 0.08 (0.04-0.12) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval.
These analyses controlled for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and cancer history.
Satterthwaite-adjusted F tests and their corresponding P values were used to determine statistical significance.
Primary prevention behaviors were the following: For colon cancer, "don't drink alcohol," "don't smoke," "eat fiber," "eat fruits and vegetables," "eat healthy/better nutrition," and "exercise." For lung cancer, "avoid asbestos," "avoid polluted air," "don't smoke/quit smoking," "eat healthy," "exercise," and "stay away from secondhand smoke." For skin cancer, "do not use tanning beds/tanning salons," "stay out of the sun," "wear protective hat/clothing," and "wear sunscreen."
Analyses with colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy screening were restricted to respondents aged 50 years or older.