Table 3.

Prescription Medicine Use and Out-of-Pocket Spending by Coverage Source, 2003–2006

	Utilization				Out-of-pocket spending
	Number of Rx medicines (mean)				$100 or more per month				$300 or more per month
	2003	2006	Unadj Chg	Adj Chga	2003	2006	Unadj Chg	Adj ORb	2003	2006	Unadj Chg	Adj ORb
Total (n = 9573)	4.0	4.6	0.6***	0.8	28.3	28.9	0.6	0.9	6.0	7.7	1.7**	1.2
Current Part D (2006), previous Rx coverage was:
None (n = 1619)	3.3	4.2	0.9***	1.0***	46.1	29.2	−16.9***	0.3***	10.5	11.0	0.5	0.9
Medicaid (n = 1125)	5.6	5.5	−0.1	−0.3	14.8	9.2	−5.6*	0.5*	7.9	1.7	−6.2**	0.2**
HMO (n = 712)	3.9	4.2	0.3	0.3	28.8	24.1	−4.7	0.7	4.1	5.7	1.6	1.3
Medigap/ Private (n = 827)	3.9	4.6	0.7***	0.7***	46.0	36.3	−9.7**	0.9	9.6	11.1	1.5	0.8
Employer (n = 649)	4.7	4.9	0.2	0.1	18.1	31.1	13.0***	2.2***	4.3	6.8	2.5	1.6
Other Rx coverage 2003–2006
Employer (n = 1882)	4.3	4.7	0.4***	0.3***	14.6	24.5	9.9***	1.9***	2.5	4.8	2.3*	2.1*
VA (n = 150)	5.5	5.3	−0.2	−0.2	15.5	35.8	20.3**	4.7**	5.5	6.3	0.8	1.1
No Rx coverage, 2003–2006
None (n = 476)	2.2	2.5	0.3	0.4**	31.2	32.0	0.8	1.0	7.6	9.8	2.2	1.0

^*p ≤ 0.05 ^**p ≤ 0.01 ^***p ≤ 0.001

^aResults are adjusted for the following: Age in 2003, race, poverty status in 2003, change in poverty status, acquisition of specific chronic condition, and change in Rx coverage

^bAdjusted odds ratio. Results are adjusted for the following: Age in 2003, race, poverty status in 2003, change in poverty status, number of Rx medicines in 2003, change in number of Rx medicines, acquisition of specific chronic condition, change in Rx coverage