Table 2.
Baseline characteristics | Adjusted odds ratio | 95% CI | P for trend |
---|---|---|---|
Ethnicity and race | |||
Non-Hispanic Black | 1.00 | ||
Non-Hispanic White | 1.53 | 0.85–2.75 | |
Hispanic | 2.07 | 1.28–3.35 | |
Education | |||
Less than high school | 1.00 | ||
High school graduate | 1.37 | 1.06–1.76 | 0.02 |
Beyond high school | 1.87 | 1.13–3.12 | |
Crack/cocaine/heroin use | |||
Never | 1.00 | ||
Former | 0.65 | 0.49–0.86 | 0.003 |
Current | 0.43 | 0.24–0.74 | |
Cigarettes smoked/day | |||
≤10 | 1.00 | ||
11–20 | 0.50 | 0.34–0.74 | <0.001 |
>20 | 0.25 | 0.12–0.55 |
Variables included in the multivariate model included study center; ethnicity; education; CES-D score; crack, cocaine, or heroin use; average number of cigarettes/day; and number of years since beginning smoking