Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study groups
| Variable | Schizophrenic patients (N = 33) |
Affective disorder patients (N = 41) |
Control subjects (N = 56) |
F or t or chi values |
dfa | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | ||||
| Age (range), year | 24.7 (18–41) | 6.5 | 22.8 (18–41) | 4.6 | 24.0 (18–35) | 3.9 | 1.52 | 2127 | 0.22 |
| Male/female | 28/5 | 31/10 | 44/12 | 0.97 | 2 | 0.61 | |||
| Handednessb | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.26 | 2124 | 0.77 |
| SESc | 3.5 | 1.4 | 2.7 | 1.2 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 12.1 | 2127 | <0.001 |
| Parental SESd | 1.9 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 3.41 | 2126 | 0.036 |
| MMSE | 28.2 | 2.4 | 28.7 | 1.5 | 29.1 | 1.0 | 2.52 | 2122 | 0.085 |
| WAIS-R | |||||||||
| Informatione | 11.6 | 3.1 | 12.4 | 2.9 | 13.5 | 2.3 | 5.34 | 2120 | 0.006 |
| Digits forwardf | 8.9 | 2.5 | 8.7 | 2.1 | 11.2 | 2.6 | 12.5 | 2120 | <0.001 |
| Digits backwardf | 6.5 | 2.9 | 6.7 | 2.2 | 8.6 | 2.3 | 9.96 | 2120 | <0.001 |
| GAS | 35.9 | 9.1 | 36.2 | 11.0 | – | – | −0.35 | 68 | 0.72 |
| Total BPRS | 40.8 | 12.7 | 34.4 | 10.5 | – | – | 0.77 | 68 | 0.45 |
| Medication dose (CPZ equiv.), mg/day |
264 | 335 | 223 | 186 | – | – | 0.67 | 71 | 0.50 |
| Age first medicated (range), year | 24.5 (18–41) | 6.4 | 22.6 (17–41) | 4.7 | – | – | 1.51 | 72 | 0.14 |
| Median duration (range) of medication use, months |
0 (0–24) | – | 0 (0–60) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
SES, socioeconomic status; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; WAIS-R, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised; GAS, Global Assessment Scale; BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; CPZ equiv., chlorpromazine equivalent; and ellipses, data not applicable.
The degrees of freedom differ among variables due to unavailability of data in some subjects.
Right-handedness being above 0.
Higher scores indicating lower socio-economic status. The schizophrenic patients showed significantly lower SES than affective psychosis patients and control subjects (Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference tests, p < 0.05).
Based on the post hoc analyses, neither group was significantly differentiated from each other for the parental SES (Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference tests, p>0.05).
The schizophrenic patients showed significantly lower scores than control subjects (Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference tests, p < 0.05).
Both schizophrenic and affective psychosis patients showed significantly lower scores than control subjects (Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference tests, p < 0.05).