Kaplan-Meier plot and tabulated data for time to ETVr and cumulative ETVr patterns over 144 weeks. Pretreatment variables (solid line, LVD refractory; broken line, naïve) were analyzed in relation to the occurrence of ETVr. A previous LVD treatment was associated with a more rapid occurrence of ETVr (Breslow analysis; P < 0.001). Among the patients examined at entry prior to treatment with ETV, for the 41 LVD-refractory patients, the cumulative ETVr substitutions were detected in 2/41 (4.9%) at baseline and increased to 6/41 (14.6%), 10/41 (24.4%), and 13/29 (44.8%) at weeks 48, 96, and 144, respectively. Neither the S202I nor the M250V/I/L substitution was detected in this population.