TABLE 3.
Characteristics of participants and parasite genotypes
| Characteristic | Position | Amino acidsa | 2001 | 2002 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | P valuec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ageb | 22.1 ± 15.2 (2-75) | 19.3 ± 14.0 (0-72) | 23.1 ± 16.3 (1-65) | 14.3 ± 11.8 (0-48) | 9.63 ± 10.8 (2-46) | 0.05 | ||
| % Males | 52.7 | 55.5 | 66.7 | 38.1 | 25.0 | 0.07 | ||
| pfcrt | 74 | M/I/mix | 31/42/9 (37.8/51.2/11.0)d | 67/22/11 (67.0/22.0/11.0) | 33/0/0 (100/0/0) | 31/6/1 (81.6/15.8/2.6) | 11/3/2 (68.8/18.8/12.5) | <0.001 |
| 75 | N/E/D/mix | 31/28/13/10 (37.8/34.1/15.9/12.2) | 67/7/15/11 (67.0/7.0/15.0/11.0) | 33/0/0/0 (100/0/0/0) | 31/1/5/1 (83.8/2.6/13.2/2.6) | 11/1/2/2 (68.8/6.3/12.5/12.5) | <0.001 | |
| 76 | K/T/mix | 31/42/9 (37.8/51.2/11.0) | 67/22/11 (67.0/22.0/11.0) | 33/0/0 (100/0/0) | 31/6/1 (81.6/15.8/2.6) | 11/3/2 (68.8/18.8/12.5) | <0.001 | |
| 144 | A/F/mix | 63/12/7 (76.8/14.6/8.5) | 75/17/8 (75.0/17.0/8.0) | 36/0/0/ (100/0/0) | 35/3/0 (92.1/7.9/0) | 14/2/0 (87.5/12.5/0) | 0.07 | |
| 148 | L/I/mix | 63/12/7 (76.8/14.6/8.5) | 75/17/8 (75.0/17.0/8.0) | 36/0/0 (100/0/0) | 35/3/0 (92.1/7.9/0) | 14/2/0 (87.5/12.5/0) | 0.07 | |
| 194 | I/T/mix | 63/12/7 (76.8/14.6/8.5) | 75/17/8 (75.0/17.0/8.0) | 36/0/0 (100/0/0) | 35/3/0 (92.1/7.9/0) | 14/2/0 (87.5/12.5/0) | 0.07 | |
| 220 | A/S/mix | 31/42/9 (37.8/51.2/11.0) | 65/24/1 (65.0/24.0/11.0) | 36/0/0 (100/0/0) | 31/6/1 (81.6/15.8/2.6) | 11/4/1 (68.8/25.0/6.3) | <0.001 | |
| 271 | Q/E/mix | 31/42/9 (37.8/51.2/11.0) | 68/22/10 (68.0/22.0/10.0) | 36/0/0 (100/0/0) | 31/5/2 (81.6/13.2/5.3) | 11/4/1 (68.8/25.0/6.3) | <0.001 | |
| 326 | N/S/mix | 54/23/6 (65.9/28.0/7.3) | 93/3/4 (93.0/3.0/4.0) | 36/0/0 (100/0/0) | 36/2/0 (94.7/5.3/0) | 15/0/1 (92.1/0/6.3) | <0.001 | |
| 333 | T/S/mix | 59/17/7 (72.0/20.7/8.5) | 76/16/8 (76.0/16.0/8.0) | 36/0/0 (100/0/0) | 35/3/0 (92.1/7.9/0) | 13/2/1 (81.3/12.5/6.3) | 0.02 | |
| 356 | I/T/mix | 55/24/4 (67.1/29.3/4.9) | 90/6/4 (90.0/6.0/4.0) | 36/0/0 (100/0/0) | 36/2/0 (92.1/5.3/0) | 15/0/1 (93.8/0/6.3) | <0.001 | |
| 371 | R/I/mix | 49/28/6 (59.8/34.1/7.3) | 89/7/4 (89.0/7.0/4.0) | 36/0/0 (100/0/0) | 35/1/2 (92.1/2.6/5.3) | 13/1/2 (81.3/6.3/12.5) | <0.001 | |
| pfmdr1 | 130 | E/K | 66/1 (98.5/1.5) | 90/1 (98.9/1.1) | 33/0 (100/0) | 35/0 (100/0) | 13/1 (92.9/7.1) | |
| 184 | Y/F/mix | 53/8/5 (80.3/12.7/7.9) | 72/7/12 (79.1/7.7/13.2) | 33/0/0 (100/0/0) | 31/3/1 (88.6/8.6/2.9) | 13/1/0 (92.9/7.1/0) | 0.32 | |
| 1042 | N/D/mix | 55/8/4 (83.3/12.1/6.0) | 80/4/7 (87.9/4.4/7.7) | 33/0/0 (100/0/0) | 33/3/0 (91.7/8.3/0) | 12/1/1 (85.7/7.1/7.1) | 0.17 | |
| 1109 | V/I/mix | 62/0/4 (93.9/0/6.1) | 91/1/0 (98.9/1.1/0) | 33/0/0 (100/0/0) | 33/3/0 (91.7/8.3/0) | 13/0/0 (100/0/0) | ||
| pfdhfr | 51 | N/I/mix | 4/71/0 (5.3/94.7/0) | 6/39/5 (12.0/78.0/10.0) | 1/23/0 (4.2/95.8/0) | 10/24/0 (29.4/70.6/0) | 3/8/0 (27.3/72.7/0) | <0.001 |
| 59 | C/R/mix | 4/70/1 (5.3/93.3/1.3) | 3/43/4 (6.0/86.0/8.0) | 0/22/2 (0/91.7/8.3) | 0/34/0 (0/100/0) | 0/10/0 (0/100/0) | 0.39 | |
| 108 | S/N/mix | 4/71/0 (5.3/94.7/0) | 1/48/1 (2.0/96.0/2.0) | 0/24/0 (0/100/0) | 0/35/0 (0/100/0) | 0/11/0 (0/100/0) | 0.38 | |
| 164 | I/L/mix | 36/28/10 (48.6/37.8/13.5) | 40/5/5 (80.0/10.0/10.0) | 21/3/0 (87.5/12.5/0) | 32/3/0 (91.4/8.6/0) | 9/2/1 (75.0/16.7/8.3) | <0.001 | |
| pfdhps | 436 | S/A/F/mix | 21/25/10/7 (33.3/39.7/15.9/11.1) | 44/33/8/10 (46.3/34.7/8.4/10.7) | 10/19/1/0 (33.3/63.3/3.3/0) | 25/3/0/8 (69.4/8.3/0/22.3) | 13/0/1/2 (81.3/0/6.3/12.5) | <0.001 |
| 437 | A/G/mix | 7/56/0 (11.1/88.9/0) | 0/92/3 (0/96.8/3.2) | 1/29/0 (3.3/96.7/0) | 1/34/1 (2.8/94.4/2.8) | 0/17/0 (0/100/0) | <0.001 | |
| 540 | K/E/N/Y/mix | 19/27/6/0/11 (30.2/63.5/9.5/0/17.4) | 32/39/7/1/17 (33.3/40.6/7.3/1.0/17.7) | 7/19/1/0/3 (23.3/63.3/3.3/0/10.0) | 6/19/0/0/12 (16.2/51.4/0/0/32.4) | 1/9/0/0/7 (5.9/52.9/0/0/41.2) | 0.23 | |
| 581 | A/G/mix | 47/8/8 (74.6/12.7/12.7) | 61/20/16 (62.9/19.6/17.4) | 23/4/3 (76.7/13.3/10.0) | 8/16/13 (21.6/43.2/35.1) | 4/9/4 (23.5/52.9/23.5) | <0.001 | |
| 613 | A/T/S/mix | 49/1/8/5 (77.8/1.6/12.7/8.0) | 87/0/6/3 (90.6/0/6.3/3.1) | 30/0/0/0 (100/0/0/0) | 36/0/0/0 (100/0/0/0) | 15/0/0/0 (100/0/0/0) | <0.001 |
a
Boldface type indicates amino acid mutations.
b
Values are means ± standard deviations (minimum-maximum).
c
P values are for the correlation between each year. Data for mixed infections for each locus were excluded from the statistical analysis.
d
The data represent the number (percentage) of patients with the indicated genotype.