Table 1.
Subject characteristics, clinical measures, RBP4 and retinol levels in women with gestational diabetes and pregnant controls1
| Gestational Diabetes (n=12) |
Pregnant Controls (n=10) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | 28.6 ± 4.9 (21–39) | 28.8 ± 6.2 (20–40) |
| Maternal BMI (kg/m2) | 31.1 ± 0.6 (28.3–34.4) | 31.1 ± 0.9 (28.3–34.6) |
| Maternal weight gain (kg) | 8.7 ± 1.6 (0.9–16.4) | 13.8 ± 2.7 (2.3–28.2) |
| Infant birth weight (g) | 3469 ± 222 (2010–4410) | 3443.3 ± 211 (2340–4290) |
| Gestational age at birth (wk) | 40.4 ± 0.6 (39.0–45.2) | 38.8 ± 0.5 (37.0–41.0) |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 82.0 ± 3.2 (63–111) | 70.2 ± 3.7 (61–82) * |
| Glucose 1-hr after 50-g glucose (mg/dL) | 143.4 ± 8.1 (88–187) | 105.3 ± 8.9 (54–142) ** |
| Fasting insulin (µU/mL) | 27.4 ± 4.7 (10.1–79.9) | 15.4 ± 5 .2 (3.9–39.8) |
| Insulin 1-hr after 50-g glucose (µU/mL) | 111.8 ± 10.4 (34.52–192.3) | 61.6 ± 11.4 (17.87–134.3) ** |
| HOMA-IR | 5.6 ±1.0 (2.6–17.8) | 3.0 ± 1.2 (1.41–6.5) |
| Fasting Leptin (ng/mL) | 29.7 ± 4.8 (15.2–77.0) | 29.6 ± 5.3 (19.2–40.0) |
| Retinol (µmol/L) | 1.6 ± 0.1 (1.3–2.2) | 1.7 ± 0.1 (1.1–2.9) |
| RBP4 (µmol/L) (EIA) | 1.2 ± 0.1 (0.6–1.7) | 1.2 ± 0.1 (0.8–1.8) |
| RBP4 (µmol/L) (Western blot) | 2.1 ± 0.4 (1.4–3.4) | 1.8 ± 0.6 (1.1–2.9) |
| RBP4:retinol (Western blot)2 | 1.3 ± 0.2 (1.0–1.7) | 1.1 ± 0.3 (0.5–1.3) |
1
Values are means (±SEM); range of values for each measurement is indicated in parenthesis.
2
Molar ratio of RBP4:retinol according to the amount of RBP4 determined by Western blot and the amount of retinol determined by HPLC.
*
p<0.05
**
p<0.01