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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jan 28.
Published in final edited form as: J Comput Neurosci. 2008 Jan 5;25(1):1–24. doi: 10.1007/s10827-007-0062-6

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Encoding and processing of random modulations in the electrosensory pathway of Gymnarchus niloticus. (A) Dorsal view of the brain of Gymnarchus niloticus, showing the approximate locations of primary afferent fibers, hindbrain ELL neurons, and midbrain torus semicircularis neurons. Intracellular recordings of the responses to simultaneous random modulations in amplitude and phase are shown for the different types of neurons studied. Below each trace, the amplitude of the signal is represented by a solid line and the phase of the signal is represented by a dashed line, with the solid horizontal line indicating 100% of the carrier amplitude and 0° of phase modulation. For the recording from the S-afferent, the two portions shown are magnified in the inset to show the shift in spike timing that occurs with changes in phase (the time scales for the two examples in the inset are aligned to the carrier period). (B) Summary of activity patterns (mean ± sem) and information processing in the electrosensory system during simultaneous random AM and random PM.