Table 3.
Parameter Estimates of Latent Growth Curve Models of CES-D (N=18,764)
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Estimate | SE | Estimate | SE | Estimate | SE | Estimate | SE | Estimate | SE | Estimate | SE |
| Means | ||||||||||||
| Intercept (α) | 5.56*** | 0.07 | 4.36*** | 0.12 | 4.48*** | 0.12 | 4.22*** | 0.11 | 4.22*** | 0.11 | 4.41*** | 0.21 |
| Linear slope (β) | 0.20*** | 0.02 | 0.23*** | 0.04 | 0.22*** | 0.04 | 0.27*** | 0.04 | 0.27*** | 0.04 | 0.27*** | 0.07 |
| Quadratic slope (β2) | −0.03*** | 0.00 | −0.03*** | 0.00 | −0.03*** | 0.00 | −0.03*** | 0.00 | −0.03*** | 0.00 | −0.03*** | 0.00 |
| Time invariant predictors | ||||||||||||
| Black→α | 0.76*** | 0.16 | 0.58*** | 0.16 | 0.42* | 0.16 | 0.39* | 0.16 | 0.44*** | 0.16 | ||
| Asian→α | 0.49 | 0.36 | 0.75* | 0.36 | 0.86* | 0.35 | 0.87* | 0.35 | 0.86* | 0.35 | ||
| Hispanic→α | 1.43*** | 0.21 | 0.91*** | 0.22 | 0.61** | 0.21 | 0.60** | 0.21 | 0.61** | 0.21 | ||
| Female→α | 1.47*** | 0.14 | 1.47*** | 0.14 | 1.78*** | 0.13 | 1.80*** | 0.13 | 1.82*** | 0.13 | ||
| Black →β | −0.06 | 0.05 | −0.05 | 0.05 | −0.07 | 0.05 | −0.05 | 0.05 | −0.06 | 0.05 | ||
| Asian→β | 0.28* | 0.11 | 0.25* | 0.11 | 0.23* | 0.11 | 0.23* | 0.11 | 0.21* | 0.11 | ||
| Hispanic→β | −0.03 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.07 | ||
| Female→β | −0.02 | 0.04 | −0.03 | 0.04 | −0.01 | 0.04 | −0.03 | 0.04 | −0.03 | 0.04 | ||
| Black→β2 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | ||
| Asian→β2 | −0.02** | 0.01 | −0.02** | 0.01 | −0.02* | 0.01 | −0.02* | 0.01 | −0.02* | 0.01 | ||
| Hispanic→β2 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| Female→β2 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.01* | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.00 | ||
| SES→α | −0.56*** | 0.06 | −0.47*** | 0.06 | −0.46*** | 0.06 | −0.44*** | 0.06 | ||||
| SES→β | 0.05** | 0.02 | 0.03* | 0.02 | 0.04* | 0.02 | 0.04* | 0.02 | ||||
| SES→β2 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
| Cohort→α | 0.32*** | 0.07 | ||||||||||
| Cohort→β | −0.06*** | 0.01 | ||||||||||
| Cohort→β2 | 0.01*** | 0.00 | ||||||||||
| Time variant predictors | ||||||||||||
| SLE→CES-D age12 | 0.72*** | 0.03 | ||||||||||
| SLE→CES-D age13 | 0.89*** | 0.07 | ||||||||||
| SLE→CES-D age 14 | 1.07*** | 0.06 | ||||||||||
| SLE→CES-D age 15 | 0.96*** | 0.05 | ||||||||||
| SLE→CES-D age 16 | 0.99*** | 0.05 | ||||||||||
| SLE→CES-D age 17 | 1.06*** | 0.05 | ||||||||||
| SLE→CES-D age 18 | 1.05*** | 0.06 | ||||||||||
| SLE→CES-D age 19 | 1.06*** | 0.08 | ||||||||||
| SLE→CES-D age 20 | 0.95*** | 0.09 | ||||||||||
| SLE→CES-D age 21 | 0.82*** | 0.08 | ||||||||||
| SLE→CES-D age 22 | 0.85*** | 0.08 | ||||||||||
| SLE→CES-D age 23 | 0.84*** | 0.08 | ||||||||||
| SLE→CES-D age 24 | 0.77*** | 0.08 | ||||||||||
| SLE→CES-D age 25 | 0.66*** | 0.14 | ||||||||||
| SLE→CES-D age 26 | 1.01* | 0.48 | ||||||||||
| SLE→CES-D ages 12–26 | 0.95*** | 0.02 | 0.94*** | 0.02 | ||||||||
| R2 | ||||||||||||
| α | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.13 | |||||||
| β | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.18 | |||||||
| Y | 0.48 | 0.12 | 0.48 | 0.12 | 0.48 | 0.12 | 0.48 | 0.11 | 0.48 | 0.11 | 0.49 | 0.11 |
| Fit Indices | ||||||||||||
| CFI | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.94 | ||||||
| TLI | 0.95 | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.94 | ||||||
| RMSEA | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||
Note: SES = childhood socioeconomic status; SLE = stressful life events index; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, 9 item subscale.
p < .05
p < .01
p < .001