Table 4.
Parameter Estimates of Latent Growth Curve Models of CES-D: Testing Interactions (N=18,764)
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Estimate | SE | Estimate | SE | Estimate | SE | Estimate | SE |
| Means | ||||||||
| Intercept (α) | 4.40*** | 0.21 | 4.40*** | 0.21 | 4.48*** | 0.21 | 4.47*** | 0.21 |
| Linear slope (β) | 0.27*** | 0.07 | 0.27*** | 0.07 | 0.26*** | 0.07 | 0.26*** | 0.07 |
| Quadratic slope (β2) | −0.03*** | 0.00 | −0.03*** | 0.00 | −0.03*** | 0.00 | −0.03*** | 0.00 |
| Time invariant predictors | ||||||||
| Black→α | 0.43** | 0.16 | 0.43** | 0.16 | 0.41** | 0.16 | 0.40** | 0.16 |
| Asian→α | 0.79* | 0.36 | 0.56 | 0.41 | 0.85* | 0.35 | 0.76* | 0.36 |
| Hispanic→α | 0.58** | 0.21 | 0.54* | 0.22 | 0.55** | 0.21 | 0.53** | 0.21 |
| Female→α | 1.82*** | 0.13 | 1.84*** | 0.13 | 1.77*** | 0.13 | 1.77*** | 0.13 |
| Black→β | −0.06 | 0.05 | −0.06 | 0.05 | −0.05 | 0.05 | −0.05 | 0.05 |
| Asian→β | 0.21* | 0.11 | 0.27* | 0.13 | 0.21* | 0.11 | 0.21* | 0.11 |
| Hispanic→β | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.07 |
| Female→β | −0.03 | 0.04 | −0.03 | 0.04 | −0.01 | 0.04 | −0.01 | 0.04 |
| Black→β2 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Asian→β2 | −0.02* | 0.01 | −0.02* | 0.01 | −0.02* | 0.01 | −0.02* | 0.01 |
| Hispanic→β2 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Female→β2 | −0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.01* | 0.00 | −0.01* | 0.00 |
| SES→α | −0.32*** | 0.06 | −0.32*** | 0.09 | −0.44*** | 0.05 | −0.34*** | 0.06 |
| SES→β | 0.04* | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04* | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
| SES→β2 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Cohort→α | 0.31*** | 0.07 | 0.31*** | 0.07 | 0.31*** | 0.07 | 0.31*** | 0.07 |
| Cohort→β | −0.06*** | 0.01 | −0.06*** | 0.01 | −0.06*** | 0.01 | −0.06*** | 0.01 |
| Cohort→β2 | 0.01*** | 0.00 | 0.01*** | 0.00 | 0.01*** | 0.00 | 0.01*** | 0.00 |
| Time variant predictors | ||||||||
| SLE→CES-D | 0.94*** | 0.02 | 0.94*** | 0.02 | 0.72*** | 0.03 | 0.69*** | 0.03 |
| Interactions | ||||||||
| SES×Black→α | −0.13** | 0.05 | −0.02 | 0.14 | −0.12* | 0.05 | ||
| SES×Asian→α | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.38 | 0.29 | 0.08 | 0.11 | ||
| SES×Hispanic→α | −0.11* | 0.06 | −0.12 | 0.16 | −0.10* | 0.05 | ||
| SES×Female→α | −0.14*** | 0.04 | −0.21* | 0.11 | −0.09* | 0.04 | ||
| SES×Black→β | −0.03 | 0.05 | ||||||
| SES×Asian→β | −0.07 | 0.10 | ||||||
| SES×Hispanic→β | 0.01 | 0.05 | ||||||
| SES×Female→β | −0.03 | 0.04 | ||||||
| SES×Black→β2 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||
| SES×Asian→β2 | 0.00 | 0.01 | ||||||
| SES×Hispanic→β2 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||
| SES×Female→β2 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||
| SLE×Black→CES-D | −0.09 | 0.05 | ||||||
| SLE×Asian→CES-D | −0.05 | 0.10 | ||||||
| SLE×Hispanic→CES-D | −0.04 | 0.06 | ||||||
| SLE×Female→CES-D | 0.66*** | 0.04 | 0.65*** | 0.04 | ||||
| R2 | ||||||||
| A | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | ||||
| B | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.18 | ||||
| y | 0.49 | 0.11 | 0.49 | 0.11 | 0.49 | 0.11 | 0.49 | 0.11 |
| Fit Indices | ||||||||
| CFI | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.93 | ||||
| TLI | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.94 | ||||
| RMSEA | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||
Note: SES = childhood socioeconomic status; SLE = stressful life events index; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, 9 item subscale.
p < .05
p < .01
p < .001