Table 4. Effect of English-Language Skills on Fertility Outcomes.
| All Childhood Immigrants |
Women |
Men |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OLS (1) |
2SLS (2) |
OLS (3) |
2SLS (4) |
OLS (5) |
2SLS (6) |
|
| 1. Number of children living in same household | -0.106 *** (0.021) |
-0.441 *** (0.075) |
-0.162 *** (0.019) |
-0.472 *** (0.078) |
-0.049 * (0.026) |
-0.403 *** (0.102) |
| 2. Has a child living in same household | -0.005 (0.004) |
-0.073 * (0.038) |
-0.019 *** (0.003) |
-0.041 (0.035) |
0.009 (0.007) |
-0.113 ** (0.049) |
| 3. Number of children living in same household, only individuals married with spouse present | -0.177 *** (0.013) |
-0.410 *** (0.058) |
-0.203 *** (0.017) |
-0.591 *** (0.100) |
-0.148 *** (0.013) |
-0.190 (0.152) |
| 4. Has a child living in same household, only individuals married with spouse present | -0.019 *** (0.004) |
-0.007 (0.020) |
-0.024 *** (0.004) |
-0.020 (0.021) |
-0.014 *** (0.004) |
0.008 (0.035) |
| 5. Is a single parent | -0.001 (0.004) |
0.021 (0.025) |
-0.001 (0.007) |
0.032 (0.031) |
-0.001 (0.001) |
6.80E-06 (0.015) |
| 6. Is a never-married single parent | -0.003 (0.002) |
-0.002 (0.018) |
-0.005 (0.004) |
-0.005 (0.026) |
-0.002 ** (0.001) |
-0.008 (0.008) |
Notes: Rows 1, 2, 5 and 6 use the sample described in Table 1 notes. Rows 3 and 4 use the subsample that is currently married with spouse present. Each numbered row of each column is from a separate regression that is weighted by IPUMS weights and contains dummies for country of birth, age at arrival, age, race, Hispanic origin and sex. The “2SLS” columns are estimated using 2SLS with max(0, age at arrival - 9)×non-English-speaking country as the identifying instrument. Standard errors adjusted for country of birth clusters are shown in parentheses. Asterisks denote significance levels.
*
=.10
**
=.05
***
=.01