Appendix Table 1.
Individuals by Country of Birth
| Panel A. English-speaking countries (=Control Group) | Panel B. Non-English-speaking countries (=Treatment Group) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank by N | country | N | % of group | Rank by N | country | N | % of group |
| 1 | Canada | 8,962 | 34.6% | 1 | Mexico | 47611 | 28.7% |
| 2 | England | 6,121 | 23.6% | 2 | Germany | 19445 | 11.7% |
| 3 | Jamaica | 3,180 | 12.3% | 3 | Puerto Rico | 13203 | 8.0% |
| 4 | United Kingdom, ns | 1,242 | 4.8% | 4 | Cuba | 9389 | 5.7% |
| 5 | Trinidad & Tobago | 1,014 | 3.9% | 5 | Vietnam | 6334 | 3.8% |
| 6 | Guyana/British Guiana | 991 | 3.8% | 6 | Italy | 5642 | 3.4% |
| 7 | Scotland | 803 | 3.1% | 7 | Japan | 5475 | 3.3% |
| 8 | Ireland | 565 | 2.2% | 8 | Korea | 3926 | 2.4% |
| 9 | Australia | 543 | 2.1% | 9 | El Salvador | 3233 | 2.0% |
| 10 | South Africa (Union of) | 308 | 1.2% | 10 | Dominican Republic | 3103 | 1.9% |
| 11 | Barbados | 297 | 1.1% | 11 | France | 2466 | 1.5% |
| 12 | Bermuda | 283 | 1.1% | 12 | Portugal | 2390 | 1.4% |
| 13 | Bahamas | 258 | 1.0% | 13 | Colombia | 2266 | 1.4% |
| 14 | U.S. Virgin Islands | 256 | 1.0% | 14 | Taiwan | 1987 | 1.2% |
| 15 | Belize/British Honduras | 251 | 1.0% | 15 | China | 1854 | 1.1% |
| 16 | New Zealand | 131 | 0.5% | 16 | Laos | 1668 | 1.0% |
| 17 | Antigua-Barbuda | 112 | 0.4% | 17 | Poland | 1499 | 0.9% |
| 18 | St. Vincent | 90 | 0.3% | 18 | Haiti | 1468 | 0.9% |
| 19 | Liberia | 84 | 0.3% | 19 | Guatemala | 1452 | 0.9% |
| 20 | Grenada | 82 | 0.3% | 20 | Greece | 1427 | 0.9% |
| 21 | St. Kitts-Nevis | 73 | 0.3% | 21 | Panama | 1415 | 0.9% |
| 22 | Wales | 71 | 0.3% | 22 | South Korea | 1344 | 0.8% |
| 23 | Northern Ireland | 69 | 0.3% | 23 | Ecuador | 1316 | 0.8% |
| 24 | Zimbabwe | 63 | 0.2% | 24 | Iran | 1314 | 0.8% |
| 25 | St. Lucia | 59 | 0.2% | 25 | Spain | 1207 | 0.7% |
| 26 | British Virgin Islands | 1 | 0.0% | 26 | Netherlands | 1188 | 0.7% |
| 27 | Anguilla | 1 | 0.0% | 27 | Nicaragua | 1186 | 0.7% |
| Total English-spking obs | 25,910 | 100.0% | 28 | Cambodia (Kampuchea) | 1081 | 0.7% | |
| 29 | Israel/Palestine | 983 | 0.6% | ||||
| 30 | Peru | 933 | 0.6% | ||||
| 31 | Argentina | 926 | 0.6% | ||||
| 32 | Thailand | 818 | 0.5% | ||||
| 33 | Honduras | 801 | 0.5% | ||||
| 34 | Austria | 781 | 0.5% | ||||
| 35 | Brazil | 751 | 0.5% | ||||
| 36 | Africa, ns/nec | 680 | 0.4% | ||||
| 37 | Venezuela | 644 | 0.4% | ||||
| 38 | Lebanon | 637 | 0.4% | ||||
| 39 | Hungary | 550 | 0.3% | ||||
| 40 | Turkey | 544 | 0.3% | ||||
| 41 | Azores | 492 | 0.3% | ||||
| 42 | Yugoslavia | 487 | 0.3% | ||||
| 43 | Costa Rica | 466 | 0.3% | ||||
| 44 | Chile | 465 | 0.3% | ||||
| 45 | Egypt/United Arab Rep. | 454 | 0.3% | ||||
| 46 | Iraq | 443 | 0.3% | ||||
| 47 | Other USSR/Russia | 416 | 0.3% | ||||
| 48 | Belgium | 392 | 0.2% | ||||
| 49 | Romania | 358 | 0.2% | ||||
| 50 | Indonesia | 358 | 0.2% | ||||
| subtotal, top 50 countries | 159,268 | 96.1% | |||||
| subtotal, other (91) countries | 6,397 | 3.9% | |||||
| Total non-Eng-spking obs | 165,665 | 100.0% | |||||
Notes: Information on each country’s official languages is from the World Almanac. Recent adult immigrants from the 1980 IPUMS were used to divide English-official countries into English-speaking (at least 50% of recent adult immigrants did not speak a language other than English at home) or Other. The countries in the “Other” category are the Philippines, India, Hong Kong, Guam, Pakistan, Nigeria, American Samoa, Fiji, Tonga, Ghana, Kenya, Singapore, Dominica, Tanzania, Uganda, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Malta, Zambia, Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Kiribati, Palau, Gambia, Malawi, Mauritius and Swaziland; people from these countries have been dropped from the empirical analysis. Above tabulations by country of birth use following sample: individuals from the 2000 1% and 5% PUMS files who are currently aged 25-55, immigrated to the U.S. before age 15 and has nonmissing age, year of immigration, country of birth and English variables. Country refers to IPUMS detailed birthplace code.