Table 2.
Signs and symptoms at illness presentation
| Sign/symptom at illness presentation | Non-dengue acute febrile illnesses (N = 423) | Symptomatic dengue (N = 42) | Univariate P values* | Multivariate odds ratio(95% CI) for symptomatic dengue | Hospitalized DHF (N = 9) | Hospitalized DF (N = 14) | Mild outpatient dengue illness (N = 19) | Univariate P values* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (months) median (95% CI) | 7.9 (7.4, 8.4) | 7.2 (5.8, 8.3) | – | |||||
| Gender (male/female) | 242/181 | 25/17 | – | |||||
| Days of fever before presentation median (95% CI) | 2.0 (2.0, 2.0) | 3.0 (2.0, 3.0) | – | 3.0 (1.0, 5.0) | 3.5 (2.0, 5.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | P = 0.05 | |
| Temperature (°C) mean ± SD | 38.7 ± 0.6 | 38.8 ± 0.6 | – | 39.1 ± 0.4 | 39.0 ± 0.8 | 38.6 ± 0.6 | P = 0.07 | |
| Cough and/or nasal congestion | 70% | 64% | – | 33% | 43% | 90% | P = 0.003 | |
| Cold hands and feet | 51% | 57% | – | 56% | 43% | 63% | – | |
| Dyspnea | 33% | 26% | – | 33% | 14% | 32% | – | |
| Vomiting/spitting up | 31% | 43% | – | 22% | 50% | 47% | – | |
| Refusal to feed | 27% | 36% | – | 22% | 43% | 37% | – | |
| Macular rash | 19% | 48% | P < 0.001 | 4.2 (2.1, 8.7) | 67% | 50% | 37% | – |
| Drowsiness/lethargy | 14% | 31% | P = 0.006 | 2.6 (1.2, 5.7) | 33% | 29% | 37% | – |
| Flushing | 9% | 21% | P = 0.01 | 2.0 (0.8, 5.0) | 11% | 43% | 11% | P = 0.06 |
| Febrile seizure | 5% | 21% | P = 0.001 | 8.1 (3.2, 20.9) | 22% | 29% | 16% | – |
| Petechiae | 3% | 12% | P = 0.01 | 4.8 (1.3, 17.1) | 11% | 21% | 5% | – |
| Agitation | 3% | 7% | – | 22% | 7% | 0% | – |
*
P values > 0.10 are not shown (–).