TABLE 3. Strain in frontal and parietal bones resulting from muscle stimulation¹.

	Frontal bone				Parietal bone
	n	Tension (με)	Compression (με)	Orientation of tension	n	Tension (με)	Compression (με)	Orientation of tension
Masseter
Ipsilateral	7	44 ± 24	−23 ± 12	−41° ± 9	4	31 ± 9	−12 ± 7	−48° ± 22
Contralateral	7	45 ± 19	−52 ± 28	39° ± 14	4	18 ± 9	−29 ± 13	24° ± 12
Bilateral	6	40 ± 27	−17 ± 14	−2° ± 29	6	24 ± 9	−20 ± 12	0° ± 21
Temporalis
Ipsilateral	7	19 ± 14	−28 ± 7	45° ± 17	4	27 ± 6	−12 ± 9	25° ± 73
Contralateral	6	20 ± 12	−18 ± 10	−32° ± 18	4	31 ± 22	−27 ± 6	−39° ± 14
Bilateral	5	24 ± 17	−11 ± 8	−17° ± 19	6	39 ± 19	−24 ± 6	2° ± 65

¹Maximum and minimum principal strains ± standard deviation. As in Table 2, 0° represents the sagittal axis and orientations are given as if all gages were on the left. A positive orientation means the tensile (maximum principal) axis is oriented toward the anterior left. n-values are the number of gages.