Table 1.
Demographic and baseline characteristics
| Variable | 12-Step (N=81) | Contingency management (N=89) | Significance test value (df or N) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 43.1 ±7.1 | 42.6 ± 6.7 | t (167) = 0.46 | .64 |
| Male, % (N) | 67.9 (55) | 55.1 (49) | χ2 (1) = 2.95 | .08 |
| Years of education | 11.2 ± 2.4 | 11.5 ± 2.0 | t (168) = -0.83 | .41 |
| Marital and living status | χ2 (3) = 4.82 | .19 | ||
| Never married, % (N) | 45.7 (37) | 59.6 (53) | ||
| Separated/divorced, % (N) | 35.8 (29) | 31.5 (28) | ||
| Married or living w/partner, %(N) | 11.1 (9) | 4.5 (4) | ||
| Widowed, % (N) | 7.4 (6) | 4.5 (4) | ||
| Employed full or part time | 37.0 (30) | 29.5 (26) | χ2 (1) = 1.18 | .28 |
| Annual incomea | $8,156 ± 6,771 | $8,964 ± 9,565 | U (165) = 2987.5 | .19 |
| Ethnicity | χ2 (3) = 2.03 | .57 | ||
| European American, % (N) | 14.8 (12) | 15.7 (14) | ||
| African American, % (N) | 45.7 (37) | 41.6 (37) | ||
| Hispanic American, % (N) | 33.3 (27) | 30.3 (27) | ||
| Other, % (N) | 6.2 (5) | 12.4 (11) | ||
| Viral load (logged) | 3.2 (1.1) | 3.4 (1.1) | t (134) = 0.89 | .38 |
| Past year substance dependence | ||||
| Alcohol, % (N) | 31.3 (25) | 23.6 (21) | χ2 (1) = 1.25 | .26 |
| Cocaine, % (N) | 75.0 (60) | 77.5 (69) | χ2 (1) = 0.15 | .70 |
| Heroin, % (N) | 55.0 (44) | 50.6 (45) | χ2 (1) = 0.33 | .56 |
| In methadone treatment, % (N) | 38.8 (31) | 33.7 (30) | χ2 (1) = 0.46 | .50 |
| Addiction Severity Index Scores | ||||
| Medicala | 0.44±0.66 | 0.50±0.75 | U (N=170) = 3246.0 | .26 |
| Employmenta | 1.00±0.25 | 1.00±0.25 | U (N=170) = 3441.5 | .56 |
| Alcohola | 0.00±0.17 | 0.01±0.18 | U (N=170) = 3460.5 | .63 |
| Drug | 0.14±0.11 | 0.16±0.11 | t (168) = 1.32 | .18 |
| Legala | 0.00±0.12 | 0.00±0.00 | U (N=170) = 3445.0 | .51 |
| Family/sociala | 0.03±0.37 | 0.10±0.31 | U (N=170) = 3522.5 | .79 |
| Psychiatric | 0.30±0.22 | 0.28±0.22 | t (168) = 0.54 | .59 |
Note. All values are means and standard deviations unless otherwise noted.
a
Values represent medians and interquartile ranges.
CM=Contingency management