Table 1. Symptoms and Signs of OSA.

Daytime symptoms

Daytime sleepiness or fatigue

Difficulties with concentration and short-term memory

Depression

Nocturnal symptoms

Awakenings

Insomnia

Nocturia

Obstructive breathing

Loud snoring

Choking/gasping

Witnessed apneas

Conditions with increased risk

Menopausal status in women

Family history of OSA

Hypertension

Stroke

Diabetes mellitus

Alcohol use

Pulmonary hypertension

Signs

Upper body obesity

Crowded pharyngeal airspace

Retrognathia

Reduced cricomental space

Macroglossia

Lateral peritonsillar narrowing

Lower extremity edema

Tonsillar hyperplasia

Elevated Mallampati score