Table 3.
Daily intake of nutrients from supplements alone and the total intake from diet and supplements among users
| Subjects, n (%) | Supplements |
Diet plus supplements |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean (SD) |
median (P5, P95) |
mean (SD) |
median (P5, P95) |
||
| Energy, kcal | 23,899 (60) | 35 (39) | 15 (3,108) | 2,371 (612) | 2,291 (1,510, 3,520) |
| EPA, g | 23,503 (59) | 0.41 (0.44) | 0.21 (0.03, 1.24) | 0.58 (1.05) | 0.40 (0.09, 1.47) |
| DHA, g | 23,510 (59) | 0.47 (0.49) | 0.23 (0.04, 1.44) | 0.75 (0.95) | 0.53 (0.15, 1.81) |
| n–3 fatty acids, g | 23,761 (59) | 1.09 (1.11) | 0.51 (0.08, 2.88) | 3.21 (2.14) | 2.87 (1.33, 5.91) |
| Retinol, μg | 27,428 (68) | 570 (495) | 428 (70, 1,390) | 1,450 (830) | 1,285 (500, 2,990) |
| Beta-carotene, μg | 2,147 (5.4) | 2,910 (5,920) | 1,500 (120, 9,000) | 5,575 (6,205) | 4,120 (1,600, 12,400) |
| Retinol eq., μg | 28,005 (70) | 600 (930) | 430 (71, 1,400) | 1,905 (975) | 1,715 (780, 3,630) |
| Vitamin D, μg | 28,327 (71) | 10.1 (9.3) | 6.8 (1.1, 29.0) | 13.6 (9.7) | 10.4 (3.5, 32.6) |
| Vitamin E, mg | 28,543 (71) | 14 (19) | 10 (1, 36) | 25 (20) | 21 (9, 49) |
| Thiamine, mg | 17,838 (44) | 2.4 (10.4) | 1.3 (0.2, 3.6) | 3.9 (10.5) | 2.7 (1.5, 5.3) |
| Riboflavin, mg | 17,848 (44) | 2.5 (10.4) | 1.4 (0.2, 4.0) | 4.5 (10.5) | 3.3 (1.7, 6.4) |
| Niacin, mg | 16,907 (42) | 15.8 (16.9) | 15.0 (1.7, 36.0) | 46.4 (18.4) | 43.8 (28.5, 69.9) |
| Folate, μg | 24,611 (61) | 340 (250) | 400 (29, 700) | 615 (270) | 607 (265, 1,027) |
| Vitamin B12, μg | 14,298 (36) | 8.4 (48.0) | 2.0 (0.3, 13.0) | 13.8 (38.0) | 8.5 (3.9, 21.7) |
| Vitamin B6, mg | 17,928 (45) | 3.1 (11.0) | 2.0 (0.2, 5.7) | 4.6 (11.0) | 3.3 (1.6, 7.3) |
| Vitamin C, mg | 18,082 (45) | 79 (96) | 60 (9, 200) | 246 (133) | 218 (106, 468) |
| Calcium, mg | 4,439 (11) | 290 (290) | 200 (4, 1,000) | 1,270 (483) | 1,192 (631, 2,143) |
| Magnesium, mg | 8,428 (21) | 87 (89) | 75 (11, 214) | 490 (149) | 467 (301, 754) |
| Potassium, g | 551 (1.4) | 0.08 (0.1) | 36 (4, 360) | 4.1 (0.1) | 4.0 (2.5 6.2) |
| Iron, mg | 19,006 (47) | 29.0 (44.0) | 14.0 (2.5, 109.0) | 40.4 (44.1) | 25.1 (12.6, 119.7) |
| Zinc, mg | 12,470 (31) | 11.1 (8.5) | 10.0 (1.7, 24.9) | 22.5 (9.0) | 21.5 (11.9, 35.6) |
| Copper, mg | 10,887 (27) | 1.5 (1.2) | 1.5 (0.3, 2.9) | 2.9 (1.2) | 2.8 (1.5, 4.5) |
| Iodine, μg | 11,951 (30) | 105 (82) | 75 (13, 225) | 237 (104) | 224 (103, 415) |
| Selenium, μg | 12,260 (31) | 54 (41) | 50 (11, 104) | 108 (44) | 102 (60, 170) |
Dietary folate is calculated according to Yates et al. [43].