Table 1. Genes Associated with Smoking-Related Behaviors.
| Gene symbol | Gene name | Reference | Category |
|---|---|---|---|
| A2BP1 | Ataxin 2-binding protein 1 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| AKAP13 | A kinase anchor protein 13 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| ARRB2 | Arrestin, beta, 2 | Ray et al (2007a) | Cessation |
| ATP9A | Adenosine triphosphatase class II, type 9A | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| BNC2 | Basonuclin 2 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| CACNA2D3 | Voltage-dependent calcium channel 32/3 subunit 3 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| CACNB2 | Voltage-dependent calcium channel 32 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| CCDC73 | Coiled-coil domain containing 73 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| CDH13 | Cadherin 13 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| CHN2 | Chimerin 2 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| CHRNB2 | Cholinergic receptor, neuronal nicotinic, beta polypeptide 2 | Conti et al (2008) | Cessation |
| CLSTN2 | Calsyntenin 2 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| COMT | Catechol-O-methyltransferase | Berrettini et al (2007); Colilla et al (2005); Han et al (2008); Johnstone et al (2007) | Cessation |
| CREB5 | cAMP responsive element-binding protein 5 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| CSMD1 | Cub and Sushi multiple domains 1 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| CTNNA2 | Catenin, alpha-2 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| CYP2A6 | Cytochrome p450, subfamily IIA, polypeptide 6 | Kubota et al (2006); Ozaki et al (2006) | Cessation |
| CYP2B6 | Cytochrome p450, subfamily IIB, polypeptide 6 | David et al (2007a); Lee et al (2007) | Cessation |
| DAB1 | Disabled homolog 1 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| DAPK1 | Death-associated protein kinase 1 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| DBH | Dopamine beta hydroxylase | Johnstone et al (2004) | Cessation |
| DRD2 | Dopamine D2 receptor | David et al (2007a); Johnstone et al (2004); Lerman et al (2006); Morton et al (2006); Park et al (2005); Robinson et al (2007); Swan et al (2005); Yudkin et al (2004) | Cessation |
| DRD4 | Dopamine D4 receptor | David et al (2008b) | Cessation |
| DSCAM | Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| DSCAML1 | Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule like 1 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| ERC2 | ELKS/RAB6-interacting/CAST family member 2 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| ERG | V-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene-like | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| FGF12 | Fibroblast growth factor 12 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| FLJ42220 | FLJ42220 protein | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| FREQ | Frequenin, drosophila, homolog of | Dahl et al (2006) | Cessation |
| GALNT17 | Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 17 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| GLIS3 | GLI-similar family zinc finger 3 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| GRIK1 | Inotropic glutamate receptor kainate 1 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| GRIK2 | Inotropic glutamate receptor kainate 2 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| GRIN2A | Inotropic glutamate receptor N-methyl -aspartate 2A | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| HINT1 | Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 | Ray et al (2007a) | Cessation |
| ITPR2 | Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 2 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| KCNIP4 | Kv channel-interacting protein 4 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| KCNK2 | K-type potassium channel 2 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| KIAA1026 | Kazrin | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| LAMA1 | Laminin 31 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| LARGE | Like-glycosyltransferase | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| LEPREL1 | Leprecan-like 1 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| LYZL1 | Lysozyme-like 1 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| MAGI1 | Membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 1 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| MTUS1 | Mitochondrial tumor suppressor 1 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| MYO18B | Myosin XVIIIB | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| NEK11 | NIMA (never in mitosis gene a)-related kinase 11 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| NELL1 | NEL-like 1 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| NRXN3 | Neurexin 3 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| OPRM1 | Opioid receptor, mu-1 | Lerman et al (2004); Munafo et al (2007); Ray et al (2007a) | Cessation |
| PARD3 | Partitioning defective 3 homolog | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| PARK2 | Parkin | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| PCDH15 | Protocadherin 15 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| PEBP4 | Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| PPP2R2B | Protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B, beta | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| PRKG1 | cGMP-dependent protein kinase I | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| PTPRD | Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase D | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| PTPRN2 | Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase N2 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| PTPRT | Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase T | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| RBM19 | RNA-binding motif protein 19 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| SGCZ | Sarcoglycan zeta | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| SLC1A2 | Solute carrier family 1 high-affinity glutamate transporter 2 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| SLC6A3 | Solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3 | Han et al (2008); O'Gara et al (2007); Stapleton et al (2007) | Cessation |
| SORCS1 | Sortilin-related VPS10 domain containing receptor 1 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| SOX5 | SRY box 5 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| ST6GALNAC3 | ST6 (3-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-3-galactosyl-1,3)- N-acetylgalactosaminide 3-2,6-sialyltransferase 3 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| SUPT3H | Suppressor of Ty 3 homolog | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| TEK | TEK receptor tyrosine kinase | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| THSD4 | Thrombospondin type I domain containing 4 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| TNIK | TRAF2 and NCK-interacting kinase | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| TRIO | Triple functional domain/PTPRF-interacting protein | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| UNC13C | Unc13 homolog C | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| USH2A | Usher syndrome 2A | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| ZNF423 | Zinc finger protein 423 | Uhl et al (2008) | Cessation |
| A2BP1 | Ataxin 2-binding protein 1 | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| ABCC4 | Atp-binding cassette, subfamily c, member 4 | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| ACTN2 | Actinin, alpha-2 | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| ADRA2A | Alpha-2a-adrenergic receptor | Prestes et al (2007) | ND |
| ANKK1 | Ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 | Gelernter et al (2006); Huang et al (2009); O'Gara et al (2008); Radwan et al (2007) | ND |
| ARRB1 | Arrestin, beta, 1 | Sun et al (2008) | ND |
| ARRB2 | Arrestin, beta, 2 | Sun et al (2008) | ND |
| BDNF | Brain-derived neurotrophic factor | Beuten et al (2005b); Lang et al (2007) | ND |
| CCK | Cholecystokinin | Comings et al (2001); Takimoto et al (2005) | ND |
| CD14 | Monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 | Hubacek et al (2002) | ND |
| CDH13 | Cadherin 13 | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| CHRM1 | Cholinergic receptor, muscarinic, 1 | Lou et al (2006) | ND |
| CHRM5 | Cholinergic receptor, muscarinic, 5 | Anney et al (2007) | ND |
| CHRNA3 | Cholinergic receptor, neuronal nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3 | Berrettini et al (2008); Saccone et al (2007) | ND |
| CHRNA4 | Cholinergic receptor, neuronal nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4 | Feng et al (2004); Li et al (2005) | ND |
| CHRNA5 | Cholinergic receptor, neuronal nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5 | Berrettini et al (2008); Bierut et al (2007); Saccone et al (2007) | ND |
| CHRNA7 | Cholinergic receptor, neuronal nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 | De Luca et al (2004) | ND |
| CHRNB1 | Cholinergic receptor, neuronal nicotinic, beta polypeptide 1 | Lou et al (2006) | ND |
| CHRNB2 | Cholinergic receptor, neuronal nicotinic, beta polypeptide 2 | Ehringer et al (2007) | ND |
| CHRNB3 | Cholinergic receptor, neuronal nicotinic, beta polypeptide 3 | Bierut et al (2007); Saccone et al (2007) | ND |
| CLCA1 | Chloride channel, calcium-activated, 1 | Bierut et al (2007) | ND |
| CNR1 | Cannabinoid receptor 1 | Chen et al (2008) | ND |
| CNTN6 | Contactin 6 | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| COMT | Catechol-O-methyltransferase | Beuten et al (2006); Tochigi et al (2007) | ND |
| CREB1 | cAMP response element-binding protein 1 | Ray et al (2007b) | ND |
| CSMD1 | CUB and SUSHI multiple domains 1 | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| CTNNA3 | Catenin, alpha-3 | Bierut et al (2007) | ND |
| CYP17A1 | Cytochrome p450, family 17, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 | Liu et al (2005) | ND |
| CYP2A6 | Cytochrome p450, subfamily IIA, polypeptide 6 | Gambier et al (2005); Kubota et al (2006); Minematsu et al (2006); Tyndale et al (1999) | ND |
| CYP2B6 | Cytochrome p450, subfamily IIB, polypeptide 6 | Lee et al (2007) | ND |
| CYP2D6 | Cytochrome p450, subfamily IID, polypeptide 6 | Caporaso et al (2001) | ND |
| CYP2E1 | Cytochrome p450, subfamily Iie | Howard et al (2003); Tyndale (2003) | ND |
| DBH | Dopamine beta-hydroxylase, plasma | McKinney et al (2000) | ND |
| DDC | Dopa decarboxylase | Ma et al (2005); Yu et al (2006b); Zhang et al (2006a) | ND |
| DEFB1 | Defensin, beta, 1 | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| DLG4 | Discs large, Drosophila, homolog of, 4 | Lou et al (2007) | ND |
| DNM1 | Dynamin 1 | Xu et al (2009) | ND |
| DRD1 | Dopamine receptor D1 | Huang et al (2008a) | ND |
| DRD2 | Dopamine receptor D2 | Comings et al (1996); Costa-Mallen et al (2005); Noble et al (1994); Spitz et al (1998) | ND |
| DRD3 | Dopamine receptor D3 | Huang et al (2008b); Vandenbergh et al (2007) | ND |
| DRD4 | Dopamine receptor D4 | Lerman et al (1998); Shields et al (1998) | ND |
| ELMO1 | Engulfment and cell motility gene 1 | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| EPAC | Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 | Chen et al (2004) | ND |
| EPHX1 | Epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal | Liu et al (2005) | ND |
| ESR1 | Estrogen receptor 1 | Liu et al (2005) | ND |
| FBXL17 | F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 17 | Bierut et al (2007) | ND |
| FGF14 | Fibroblast growth factor 14 | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| FTO | Fat mass- and obesity-associated gene | Bierut et al (2007) | ND |
| GABRA2 | Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor 2 | Agrawal et al (2008) | ND |
| GABAB2 | Gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor 2 | Beuten et al (2005a) | ND |
| GABARAP | GABA-a receptor-associated protein | Lou et al (2007) | ND |
| GABRA4 | Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor, alpha-4 | Agrawal et al (2008); Bierut et al (2007) | ND |
| GCCR | Glucocorticoid receptor | Rogausch et al (2007) | ND |
| GIRK2 | Potassium channel, inwardly rectifying, subfamily j, member 6 | Bierut et al (2007) | ND |
| GPR154 | G-protein-coupled receptor 154 | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| GRM7 | Glutamate receptor, metabotropic, 7 | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| HHLA1 | Human endogenous retrovirus-h long terminal repeat-associating 1 | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| HRH4 | Histamine receptor h4 | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| HTR1F | Serotonin receptor 1F | Pomerleau et al (2007) | ND |
| HTR2A | 5-αhydroxytryptamine receptor 2a | do Prado-Lima et al (2004) | ND |
| KCNQ3 | Potassium channel, voltage-gated, kqt-like subfamily, member 3 | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| LRRN6C | Leucine-rich repeat protein, neuronal, 6c | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| LRRN1 | Leucine-rich repeat neuronal protein 1; lern1 | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| MAOA | Monoamine oxidase a | Lewis et al (2007); McKinney et al (2000); Tochigi et al (2007) | ND |
| MAOB | Monoamine oxidase b | Costa-Mallen et al (2005); Lewis et al (2007); Tochigi et al (2007) | ND |
| MICALCL | MICAL C-terminal like | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| MLH1 | MutL, E. coli, homolog of, 1 | Yu et al (2006a) | ND |
| NFIB | Nuclear factor i/b | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| NRXN1 | Neurexin 1 | Bierut et al (2007); Nussbaum et al (2008) | ND |
| NTRK2 | Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor, type 2 | Beuten et al (2007b) | ND |
| OC90 | Otoconin 90 | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| OGG1 | 8-αOxoguanine DNA glycosylase | Liu et al (2005) | ND |
| OPRM1 | Opioid receptor, mu-1 | Ray et al (2006); Zhang et al (2006c) | ND |
| OSBPL1A | Oxysterol-binding protein-like protein 1a | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| PAM | Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase | Gelernter et al (2007) | ND |
| PDE4D | Phosphodiesterase 4d, cAMP-specific | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| PDE1C | Phosphodiesterase 1C, calmodulin-dependent, 70 kda | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| PPP1R1B | Phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1B | Beuten et al (2007a) | ND |
| PRKG1 | Protein kinase, cGMP-dependent, regulatory, type I | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| PTC | Phenylthiocarbamide gene | Cannon et al (2005) | ND |
| PTEN | Phosphatase and tensin homolog | Zhang et al (2006b) | ND |
| PTHB1 | Parathyroid hormone-responsive b1 gene | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| PTPRD | Protein-tyrosine phosphatase, receptor-type, delta | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| SEMA3C | Semaphorin 3c | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| SERT | Solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4; slc6a4 | Gerra et al (2005); Kremer et al (2005) | ND |
| SHC3 | SHC-transforming protein 3 | Li et al (2007) | ND |
| SIPA1L2 | Signal-induced proliferation-associated I like 2 | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| SLC18A2 | Solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 2 | Schwab et al (2005) | ND |
| SLC6A3 | Solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3 | Erblich et al (2005); Lerman et al (1999); Ling et al (2004); Timberlake et al (2006) | ND |
| SLC6A4 | Solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4 | Liu et al (2005); O'Gara et al (2008) | ND |
| SLC9A9 | Solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), isoform a9 | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| TAS2R38 | Taste receptor, type 2, member 38 | Mangold et al (2008) | ND |
| TH | Tyrosine hydroxylase | Olsson et al (2004) | ND |
| TPH1 | Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 | Reuter and Hennig (2005); Reuter et al (2007) | ND |
| TPH2 | Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 | Reuter et al (2007) | ND |
| TRPC7 | Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily m, member 2 | Bierut et al (2007) | ND |
| TTC12 | Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 12 | Gelernter et al (2006) | ND |
| VPS13A | Vacuolar protein sorting 13, yeast, homolog of a | Bierut et al (2007) | ND |
| XKR5 | XK, Kell blood group complex subunit-related family, member 5 | Uhl et al (2007) | ND |
| CHRNA3 | Cholinergic receptor, neuronal nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3 | Schlaepfer et al (2008) | SI/P |
| CHRNA5 | Cholinergic receptor, neuronal nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 5 | Schlaepfer et al (2008) | SI/P |
| CHRNA6 | Cholinergic receptor, neuronal nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 6 | Zeiger et al (2008) | SI/P |
| CHRNB3 | Cholinergic receptor, neuronal nicotinic, beta polypeptide 3 | Zeiger et al (2008) | SI/P |
| CHRNB4 | Cholinergic receptor, neuronal nicotinic, beta polypeptide 4 | Schlaepfer et al (2008) | SI/P |
| COMT | Catechol-O-methyltransferase | Guo et al (2007) | SI/P |
| CYP2A6 | Cytochrome p450, subfamily IIa, polypeptide 6 | Audrain-McGovern et al (2007) | SI/P |
| DRD2 | Dopamine D2 receptor | Audrain-McGovern et al (2004); Laucht et al (2008) | SI/P |
| DRD4 | Dopamine D4 receptor | Laucht et al (2008); Skowronek et al (2006) | SI/P |
| HTR6 | 5-αHydroxytryptamine receptor 6 | Lerer et al (2006) | SI/P |
| IL8 | Interleukin 8 | Ito et al (2005) | SI/P |
| PTEN | Phosphatase and tensin homolog | Zhang et al (2006b) | SI/P |
| RHOA | RAS homolog gene family, member A | Chen et al (2007) | SI/P |
| SLC6A3 | Solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3 | Ling et al (2004); Segman et al (2007) | SI/P |
| SLC6A4 | Solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4 | Skowronek et al (2006) | SI/P |
| TPH1 | Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 | Lerman et al (2001); Sullivan et al (2001) | SI/P |
Abbreviations: Cessation, smoking cessation; ND, nicotine dependence; SI/P, smoking initiation/progression.