Table 1.
Diet A (Soybean meal, casein, wheat) |
Diet B (Soybean meal, casein) |
Diet C (Soybean meal, poultry meal) |
Diet D (Altromin 1324) |
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary ingredients, g/kg diet | ||||
Shredded summer wheat, whole graina | 300 | ∗∗ | 300–600 | |
Caseinb | 125 | 125 | − | |
Poultry mealc | 150 | + | ||
Extracted soybean meald | 50 | 100 | 100 | + |
Saccharosee | 60 | 60 | 60 | |
Cellulosef | 35∗ | 50 | 50∗∗ | |
Soybean oilg | 40 | 40 | 40 | |
D/L-methionineh | 3 | 3 | 3 | |
Cholin chloridei | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
Macro- and micromineral premixj | 35 | 35 | 35 | recommended amount |
Vitamin premixk | 10 | 10 | 10 | recommended amount |
Other dietary ingredients | 0 | 0 | ∗∗ | ∗∗∗ |
Maize starch ad 1,000 gl |
342 |
575 |
550 |
|
Total |
1,000 |
1,000 |
1,000 |
1,000 |
Energy and nutrient contents | ||||
Metabolizable energy, kcal/kg | 2,905 | 2,988 | 3,030 | 2,500 |
Crude protein, g/kg | 161 | 156 | 155 | 190 |
Crude fat, g/kg | 43 | 42 | 45 | 40 |
Carbohydrates, g/kg | 693 | 673 | 648 | ∗∗∗∗ |
Dry matter, g/kg | 892 | 915 | 903 | approx. 900 |
The dietary ingredients are listed as grams per kilogram diet.
Regional provenance, Hesse, Germany.
Meggle, Wasserburg, Germany.
Josera, Kleinheubach, Germany.
Raiffeisen, Langgöns, Germany.
Südzucker, Mannheim, Germany.
Rettenmaier, Holzmühle, Germany.
Heidenreich, Mannheim, Germany.
Degussa, Hanau, Germany.
DSM, Sittard, Netherlands.
All salts used for the macro- and microelement premix were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo., USA. The macro- and microelement premix was blended in maize starch to obtain final dietary concentrations as recommended by the NRC (1995) and contained the following compounds: 12.5 g CaCO3 = 5.0 g Ca, 15.0 g KH2PO4 = 2.65 g P, 7.5 g Na2HPO4 = 1.63 g P, 5.0 g MgSO4 × 7 H2O = 500 mg Mg, 1.0 g NaCl = 0.60 g Cl, 24 mg CuSO4 × 5 H2O = 6 mg Cu, 175 mg FeSO4 × 7 H2O = 35 mg Fe, 50 mg ZnSO4 × 7 H2O = 10 mg Zn, 28 mg MnSO4 × H2O = 10 mg Mn, 7.5 mg CrCl3 = 2.5 mg Cr, 2.2 mg NaF = 1 mg F, 0.2 mg KJ = 0.15 mg J, 0.37 mg Na2SeO4 = 0.15 mg Se, 1.2 mg CoSO4 × 7 H2O = 0.25 mg Mo, 0.5 mg Na2MoO4 × 2 H2O = 0.2 mg Mo.
All vitamins used for the vitamin premix were obtained from DSM. The vitamin premix was blended in maize starch to obtain final dietary concentrations as recommended by the NRC (1995) and contained the following compounds: 15,000 IU vitamin A; 1,500 IU vitamin D, 15 IU vitamin E; 1 mg vitamin K3; 5 mg vitamin B1; 7 mg vitamin B2; 6 mg vitamin B6; 0.02 mg vitamin B12; 0.20 mg biotin; 15 mg niacin; 16 mg pantothenic acid.
Roquette, Lestrem, France.
In diet A, the cellulose content was reduced, considering the fiber content of shredded wheat.
In the variations of diet C containing 5% wheat, 10% wheat or 30% wheat, the cellulose content was successively reduced to 45, 40 and 35 g/kg, respectively. In the variations of diet C containing 5% potato, corn, carrot or apple, the cellulose content was reduced to 40 g/kg considering the natural fiber content of these products.
Varying amounts of soybean meal, barley, corn, fish meal, whey and lupin meal.
The total carbohydrate content of the Altromin diet 1324 is dependent on the complexity of the natural diet ingredients and is therefore variable. From the batches of Altromin diet 1324 used for this study the total carbohydrate content is not available.