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A single circular cell in an external electric field. The electric field E is established by a pair of external electrodes and is assumed uniform in the vicinity of the cell. (a) the space is separated into two parts by the membrane Γ: the intracellular space Ωi and the extracellular space Ωe. Assume that the cell has diameter dc and the unit normal n points from the intracellular to the extracellular space. (b) the marked points are evenly spaced around the circle.
