Differential role of PDE10A and PDE4 in striatal neurons and at dopaminergic terminals. This study provides evidence for differential expression and action of PDE10A and PDE4 in the striatum. PDE10A is expressed in two types of striatal neurons: D1 receptor-enriched striatonigral and D2 receptor-enriched striatopallidal neurons. The inhibition of PDE10A by papaverine potentiates the adenosine A2A receptor-induced increase in DARPP-32 phosphorylation, counteracts the dopamine D2 receptor-induced decrease in DARPP-32 phosphorylation in striatopallidal neurons, and potentiates the dopamine D1 receptor-induced increase in DARPP-32 phosphorylation in striatonigral neurons. PDE4 predominantly functions at dopaminergic terminals, and an inhibition of PDE4 by rolipram results in an increase in TH phosphorylation and dopamine synthesis. The inhibition of PDE4 also increases DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation, preferentially in striatopallidal neurons, and potentiates the adenosine A2A receptor-induced increase in DARPP-32 phosphorylation in these neurons.