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. 1999 Jun 19;318(7199):1662–1667. doi: 10.1136/bmj.318.7199.1662

Table 5.

Likelihood of persistent disabling low back pain according to number of risk factors present

No of factors present* No of subjects No with persistent symptoms Observed percentage with persistent symptoms
Five/six 30 21 70
Four 43 15 35
Three 45 12 27
None/one/two 49 3 6
*

Factors predicting persistence: female sex, dissatisfaction with employment situation, history of low back pain, radiating leg pain, widespread pain, two or more restrictions in spinal movement. 

Does not total 180 as subjects with missing data for any of these six risk factors were not included in multivariate model.