Figure 1. Gene expression in Hoxc8- and Hoxd4-transgenic chondrocytes.

Quantitative real-time PCR was performed in triplicate on cDNA prepared from mRNA that was isolated from primary rib chondrocytes. Rib cages were dissected at 18.5 days of gestation from individual Hoxc8- (A) and Hoxd4- (B) transgenic mouse embryos. Gapdh cDNA levels in each sample were used to standardize measurements. The results are plotted as Gapdh-normalized ΔC_T values for each gene relative to Gapdh-normalized Hoxc8 or Hoxd4 gene expression (ΔC_T) in each sample. Low ΔC_T values reflect higher relative expression levels, and high ΔC_T values reflect low relative levels of gene expression. Each dot represents an individual animal (filled symbol  =  TR-containing samples, open symbol  =  controls). Bold panel labeling indicates statistical significant differences in expression levels between transgenic and control groups.