Intrathecal infusion of D-JNKI-1 via an osmotic pump reduces CFA-induced mechanical allodynia in the maintenance phase in rats. (A) Structural organization of the D-JNKI-1 peptide. The D-JNKI-1 (30 amino acids, aa) is a chimeric peptide starting with a 10-aa TAT transporter sequence, followed by a 20-aa minimal JBD (JNK binding domain) sequence from the JIP1 molecule. (B) Pretreatment of D-JNKI-1, starting 2 days before inflammation, inhibits CFA-induced mechanical allodynia in the maintenance phase (day 1 to day 4) but not in the induction phase (6 h). (C) Pretreatment of D-JNKI-1 fails to alter CFA-induced heat hyperalgesia. D-JNKI-1 (100 μM) or vehicle (PBS) infusion (1 μl/h, 1 week duration) started 2 days before CFA injection and ended 5 days after CFA injection. *, P<0.05, compared to vehicle control, n = 5.