Table 2.

Least Square CEST and CTS Means at End of Treatment PhaseAdjusted for Demographics and CPPI

	Treatment Modalities			Significant
	Cliff-TC	Modified-TC	OTP	Total	Treatment	Effect
CEST	Mean (S.D.)	Mean (S.D.)	Mean (S.D.)	Mean (S.D.)	Differences	Size
Psychological Functioning
Self Esteem	36.7 (.40)a	38.6 (.50)a,b	37.0 (.20)b	37.4 (.23)	F(2, 1986) = 5.26**	.07
Depression	24.5 (.52)a	22.7 (.65)a,b	24.3 (.25)b	23.8 (.30)	F(2, 1986) = 2.95†	.05
Anxiety	26.7 (.61)	26.6 (.76)	27.1 (.29)	26.8 (.36)	F(2, 1986) = .43	.02
Decision Making	38.6 (.40)a	38.9 (.49)b	37.2 (.19)a, b	38.2 (.23)	F(2, 1986) = 9.62****	.10
Social Functioning
Hostility	25.6 (.33)	24.7 (.42)a	25.7 (.18)a	25.3 (.19)	F(2, 1987) = 2.21	.05
Risk Taking	28.7 (.54)a	29.0 (.67)	30.1 (.26)a	29.3 (.31)	F(2, 1986) = 4.07*	.06
Engagement
Treatment Satisfaction	38.5 (.56)a	39.3 (.73)	40.6 (.28)a	39.5 (.35)	F(2, 1988) = 7.74***	.09
Counselor Rapport	38.8 (.52)a,b	42.5 (.68)b	41.7 (.26)a	41.0 (.32)	F(2, 1988) = 16.74****	.13
Treatment Participation	43.0 (.33)a	43.0 (.40)	42.3 (.16)a	42.8 (.19)	F(2, 1987) = 3.15*	.05
Social Support	41.0 (.45)	41.1 (.56)	40.7 (.22)	40.9 (.26)	F(2, 1987) = .28	.02
Peer Support	38.2 (.63)	37.6 (.81)	37.5 (.31)	37.7 (.39)	F(2, 1987) = .62	.02
Criminal Thinking
Entitlement	17.0 (.46)a	17.7 (.58)	18.0 (.22)a	17.6 (.27)	F(2, 1949) = 2.38†	.05
Justification	19.3 (.42)a	18.9 (.51)b	20.2 (.20)a,b	19.5 (.24)	F(2, 1949) = 4.06*	.07
Personal Irresponsibility	19.2 (.56)a	19.9 (.71)	20.8 (.27)a	20.0 (.34)	F(2, 1949) = 4.13*	.07
Rationalization	28.2 (.62)a	28.0 (.76)b	29.6 (.29)a,b	28.6 (.35)	F(2, 1949) = 3.52*	.06
Cold Heartedness	23.1 (.38)	22.5 (.47)	23.2 (.19)	22.9 (.22)	F(2, 1949) = .75	.03
Power Orientation	25.0 (.41)	24.2 (.51)a	25.5 (.21)a	24.9 (.23)	F(2, 1949) = 3.32*	.06
N				2026

^†p < .10,

^*p < .05,

^**p < .01,

^***p < .001,

^****p < .0001

^a,bTreatment modalities with common superscript are significantly different.