Table 3.

Differentially expressed (putative) immune-relevant features,.

Listed for each experimental treatment are the affected transcripts (name, feature code from GAL file), fold change (negative = down-regulated, positive = up-regulated), and putative function.

	Fold Change	Putative Function

WOUNDING
Bg LBP/BPI, BGC03345	4.458	Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein/Bactericidal permeability- increasing protein Anti-bacterial protein, binds LPS (Gonzalez et al., 2007).
Peptidoglycan-recognition protein-(PGRP) SC2, P073H12	−4.829	Recognition of peptidoglycan. May protect against over-responding to bacterial infection (Bischoff et al., 2006).
SMAD4, BGC04177	6.812	Transcription factor, Involved in TGF-B signaling pathway to induce proliferation and differentiation of cells (Brummel et al., 1999).
TGF-beta type I receptor (TGFR-1), BGC04521	2.667	Likely involved in binding a TGF-beta-like molecule, possibly induces cell proliferation and differentiation (Dworkin and Gibson, 2006).
E. coli INJECTION
Bg LBP/BPI, BGC03345	2.351	Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein/Bactericidal permeability- increasing protein Anti-bacterial protein, binds LPS (Gonzalez et al., 2007).
CDC7-related kinase, BGC01771	9.339	Required for the initiation and progression of cell cycle (Masai et al., 1999).
C1q-like protein 4, BGC00252	2.331	Contains C1q-like domain with lectin properties. Related sequence responds to bacteria in molluscs (Zhang et al., 2008a).
JNK-interacting protein 3, BGC02448	2.141	Involved in signal transduction after TLR 4 activation in mammals. Presumed to also interact with Toll in Drosophila (Matsuguchi et al., 2003).
Low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, BGC04358	2.098	Potentially involved in the recognition of oxidized lipoproteins. Cholesterol metabolism (Hazen, 2008).
LPS binding protein-like protein, BGC03011	2.708	LBP/BPI (Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein/Bactericidal permeability-increasing protein) Anti-bacterial protein, binds LPS (sequence differs from BGC03345) (Gonzalez et al., 2007).
Lysozyme, BGC00466	2.013	Bacteriolytic activity (Zavalova et al., 2006).
MAP kinase 2 (MPK2), BGC04690	3.677	Involved in the p38 signaling pathway in Drosophila. This pathway is involved in cell responses to inflammatory and environmental stimuli (Zhuang et al., 2006).
Pulmonary surfactant- associated protein DSP-D, BGC03371	4.092	C-type lectin domain, activities include binding and agglutination of pathogens (Haagsman et al., 2008).
Serpin B4, P075G03	2.294	Promotes cell survival (Zou et al., 2009)
Serpin B6, BGC01370	2.009	Regulates immune response by inhibiting function of proPO- activating proteinase-3 (Zou and Jiang, 2005)
SMAD4, BGC04177	4.607	Involved in TGF-B signaling pathway to induce proliferation and differentiation of cells (Brummel et al., 1999).
Cu-Zn Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), BGC03242	2.201	Detoxification/production of superoxide radicals, especially from phagocytic/granulocytic cells (Marikovsky et al., 2003)
M. luteus INJECTION
Bg LBP/BPI, BGC03345	2.025	Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein/Bactericidal permeability- increasing protein Anti-bacterial protein, binds LPS (Gonzalez et al., 2007).
Bg M-line FREP 4, BgMFREP4_1	2.348	Lectin consisting of a single IgSF domain and fibrinogen domain. Evidence suggests involvement in host defense against parasite infection (Adema et al., 1997).
Bg M-line FREP 7, BgFibro7_1	2.056	Lectin consisting of two IgSF domains and a fibrinogen domain. Likely involved in host defense (Zhang and Loker, 2004).
Low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, BGC04358	2.855	Potentially involved in the recognition of oxidized lipoproteins. Cholesterol metabolism (Hazen, 2008).
Lysozyme, BGC00466	2.262	Bacteriolytic activity (Zavalova et al., 2006).
MAP kinase 2 (MPK2), BGC04690	4.450	Involved in the p38 signaling pathway in Drosophila. This pathway is involved in cell responses to inflammatory and environmental stimuli (Zhuang et al., 2006).
Multi-drug resistance- associated protein, P077E11	2.302	Resembles ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug resistance transporters. These proteins are involved in drug resistance (Sheps et al., 2004).
NF-kappa-B p105 subunit, 139917075	2.481	Transcription factor of NF-kappa-B/Toll pathway, regulation inflammatory response (Chang et al., 2009).
Pulmonary surfactant- associated protein DSP-D, BGC03371	3.323	C-type lectin domain, activities include binding and agglutination of pathogens (Haagsman et al., 2008).
Serpin B4, P075G03	2.471	Promotes cell survival (Zou et al., 2009)
Serpin B6, BGC01370	2.772	Regulates immune response by inhibiting function of proPO- activating proteinase-3 (Zou and Jiang, 2005)
SH3 domain-binding protein 5, BGC02605	2.361	Binds to SH₃ domains of intracellular proteins. May regulate signaling by SH₃ binding (Kang et al., 2000).
TGF-beta type I receptor (TGFR-1), BGC04521	2.450	Likely involved in binding a TGF-beta-like molecule, possibly induces cell proliferation and differentiation (Dworkin and Gibson, 2006).
Alkaline phosphatase, BGC04218	−4.613	Lysosomal enzyme associated with granulocytic hemocytes of invertebrates (Xing et al., 2002).
ELP1 IKK complex- associated protein A, P077G11	−4.577	Binds to NF-kappa-B inducing kinase and IKK which regulates 3 other kinases involved in inflammation (Strnad and Burke, 2007).
Peptidoglycan-recognition protein-(PGRP) SC2, P073H12	−4.829	Recognition of peptidoglycan. May protect against over-responding to bacterial infection (Bischoff et al., 2006).
Multi-drug resistance protein 2, BGC01951	−2.563	Resembles ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug resistance transporters. These proteins are involved in drug resistance (Sheps et al., 2004).
S. mansoni INFECTION
Agrin precursor, BGC02479	10.283	Important ECM protein involved in immunological synapse formation which is critical for immune cell activation (Zhang et al., 2006).
Bg M-line FREP 2, BgMFREP2_1	9.142	Lectin consisting of a single IgSF domain and fibrinogen domain. Host response to parasite infection (Adema et al., 1997).
Bg M-line FREP 4, BgMFREP4_1	1.698	Lectin consisting of a single IgSF domain and fibrinogen domain. Host response to parasite infection (Adema et al., 1997).
Bg M-line FREP 6, BgMFREP6	1.981	Lectin consisting of a single IgSF domain and fibrinogen domain. Host response to parasite infection (Adema et al., 1997).
C1q TNF-related protein 3, BGC00252	3.951	Induces the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells as well as the up-regulated expression of pro-inflammatory molecules (Paidassi et al., 2008).
C1q-like protein 4, BGC002524	3.851	Contains C1q-like domain with lectin properties. Related sequence responds to bacteria in molluscs (Zhang et al., 2008a).
Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-related protein, BGC04033	4.312	Regulates processes of cell proliferation, survival and plays an important role in wound healing and tissue remodeling (Schneider and Wolf, 2009)
Galectin-4, BGC00934	10.574	Binds beta-galactosides, shown to be pro-inflammatory and have the ability to activate immune cells (Yang et al., 2008; Yoshino et al., 2008).
Glutathione S-transferase (GST), BGC02292	9.251	Heat shock response and drug resistance, also has been shown to be produced by parasites to alter host immune cell activation and development (Ouaissi et al., 2002).
Histone H2A, BGC00456	4.591	Host defense response through producing novel antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from its N-terminus in vertebrates and invertebrates (Georgatos et al., 2009).
Histone H2AV H2A.F/Z, BGC02328	5.741	Host defense response through producing novel antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from its N-terminus in vertebrates and invertebrates (Georgatos et al., 2009)
Histone H3.3, BGC02445	43.017	Host defense response through producing novel antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from its N-terminus in vertebrates and invertebrates (Georgatos et al., 2009)
Lipopolysaccharide-binding prot LBP, BGC02348	7.658	LBP/BPI (Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein/Bactericidal permeability-increasing protein) Anti-bacterial protein, binds LPS (sequence differs from BGC03345, BGC03011) (Gonzalez et al., 2007).
Cu-Zn Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), BGC03242	6.495	Enzyme involved in the detoxification/production of superoxide radicals, especially from phagocytic/granulocytic cells (Marikovsky et al., 2003)
E. paraensei INFECTION
Bg M-line FREP 4, BgMFREP4_1	3.324	Lectin consisting of a single IgSF domain and fibrinogen domain. Host response to parasite infection (Adema et al., 1997)‥
C1q TNF-related protein 3, BGC00252	1.896	Induces the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells as well as the upregulated expression of pro-inflammatory molecules (Paidassi et al., 2008).
C1q-like protein 4, BGC002524	2.924	contains C1q-like domain with lectin properties. Related sequence responds to bacteria in molluscs (Zhang et al., 2008a).
Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-related protein, BGC04033	18.866	Regulates processes of cell proliferation, survival and plays an important role in wound healing and tissue remodeling (Schneider and Wolf, 2009).
Ras-related protein Rab-6.1, BGC01836	1.829	Involved in organelle targetting, important for phagolysosome formation after initial phagocytic event (Kinchen and Ravichandran, 2008).
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Polo-like, P077E04	2.122	Important for entry of the cell into M phase mitosis (Archambault and Glover, 2009).
Bg M-line FREP 8, BgMFREP8	−2.553	Lectin consisting of a single IgSF domain and fibrinogen domain. Evidence suggests involvement in host defense against parasite infection (Zhang et al., 2008b).
CREB-binding protein, BGC02298	−1.753	Important transcription factor involved in the acute and cronic inflammatory response after triggering the NF-kappa-B or AP-1 pathways (Matt, 2002).
Bg FREM, P079H03	−2.203	Fibrinogen-related domain (FReD) containing sequece wit two EGF domains which may be important for cell interactions or developmental processes (Zhang et al., 2008b).
Glutathione S-transferase (GST), BGC02292 OR BGC02321 OR P071F12	−2.411	Important in the processes of heat shock response and drug resistance, also has been shown to be produced by parasites to alter host immune cell activation and development (Ouaissi et al., 2002).
Heat shock 70 kDa protein (HSP70) BGC02350	−2.166	Enhances cell survival by preventing apoptotic signaling. Can inhibit inflammatory response if intracellular, enhance inflammatory response if extracellular (Giffard et al., 2008).
Histone H3.3, BGC02445	−2.211	Reported to participate in host defense response through producing novel antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from its N-terminus in vertebrates and invertebrates (Georgatos et al., 2009).
LRP/Alpha-2-macroglobulin receptor, BGC04652	−2.193	Variety of functions, lipid metabolism, protease degredation, activation of lysosomal enzymes. Important molecule in phagocytic cells (Correia Soeiro et al., 2001).
Macrophage migration inhibit factor (MIF), BGC02909	−1.888	Involved in the inflammatory and immune responses, including phagocytosis, cell spreading and tumor suppression (Nishihira, 2000).
Mitogen-activated protein kinase-binding Mp1, BGC02379	−2.300	Regulated MAP kinase signaling to control processes of cell proliferation, differentiation and activation (Sharma et al., 2005).
Peptidoglycan-recognition protein-(PGRP) SC2, P073H12	−2.227	Recognition of peptidoglycan. May protect against over-responding to bacterial infection (Zhang et al., 2007).
Peroxiredoxin-4, BGC03555	−2.233	Reduces hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxides and peroxynitrite. Involved in reducing oxidative stress, and modulating signaling cascades involving nitric oxide (Knight et al., 2009).
Cu-Zn Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), BGC03242	−1.234	Enzyme involved in the detoxification/production of superoxide radicals, especially from phagocytic/granulocytic cells (Marikovsky et al., 2003).