Table 2.
Adjusted Hazard Ratios of Ecstasy Use Initiation
| Predictors | Hazard ratio | 95% CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic factors | |||
| Girl (Ref.a) | 1.00 | ||
| Boy | 0.87 | (0.69, 1.09) | .2356 |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| White (Ref.) | 1.00 | ||
| African-American | 0.84 | (0.57, 1.24) | .3952 |
| Hispanic | 1.31 | (0.96, 1.80) | .0725 |
| Other | 1.36 | (0.77, 2.42) | .2853 |
| Family and Parental factors | |||
| Two-parent household | |||
| No (Ref.) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 0.70 | (0.55, 0.89) | .0043 |
| Parent history of drug use | |||
| No (Ref.) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.34 | (1.04, 1.72) | .0219 |
| Parental Monitoring b | 0.84 | (0.73, 0.96) | .0094 |
| Individual factors | |||
| Substance use before age 12 | |||
| None (ref) | 1.00 | ||
| Alcohol only | 1.21 | (0.78, 1.87) | .3948 |
| Tobacco only | 1.44 | (0.97, 2.15) | .0711 |
| Alcohol & tobacco | 2.12 | (1.34, 3.36) | .0015 |
| Marijuana | 3.08 | (1.99, 4.75) | <.0001 |
| Positive Attitude Towards Marijuana Use | |||
| No (Ref.) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 2.09 | (1.57, 2.77) | <.0001 |
| Sensation seeking b | 1.38 | (1.20, 1.60) | <.0001 |
| Peer deviance b | 1.30 | (1.19, 1.41) | <.0001 |
| Religious attendance | |||
| Monthly or more often (Ref.) | 1.00 | ||
| Less than once a month | 1.15 | (0.88, 1.51) | .3184 |
| Never | 1.38 | (1.02, 1.86) | .0271 |
a
Ref. = Reference group
b
Continuous variable