Table 4.
Observed prevalence of 2+ dependency symptoms and extrinsic problems scores in 2003 and short- and long-term changes in Denmark, Finland, and southern and northern Sweden
| Denmark |
Finland |
Southern Sweden |
Northern Sweden |
|||||||||
| Change |
Change |
Change |
Change |
|||||||||
| Variable | % 2003 | Short | Long | % 2003 | Short | Long | % 2003 | Short | Long | % 2003 | Short | Long |
| Dependency symptoms | ||||||||||||
| All | 11.0 | −1.2 | −2.6* | 32.7 | −1.6 | −3.7* | 9.3 | −0.7 | −1.1 | 8.0 | −0.9 | 1.3 |
| Men | 14.1 | −0.6 | −2.0 | 38.3 | −1.8 | −2.6 | 11.5 | −1.0 | 0.4 | 9.5 | 0.5 | 3.1 |
| Women | 8.0 | −1.8 | −3.1** | 26.7 | −1.3 | −4.4* | 7.1 | −0.6 | −2.6* | 6.3 | −2.2 | −0.4 |
| Young, 16–29 yr. | 28.7 | −5.0 | −6.6* | 46.6 | −3.9 | −5.1* | 17.7 | −0.1 | 3.2 | 20.6 | −5.5 | 2.9 |
| Middle, 30–49 yr. | 7.5 | −1.4 | −1.5 | 33.0 | 0.8 | −3.7+ | 7.0 | 1.9 | −1.5 | 8.1 | −1.0 | −0.9 |
| Old, 50–69 yr. | 2.8 | 1.7 | −0.3 | 20.8 | −1.2 | −1.1 | 5.5 | −3.4** | −4.0** | 0.9 | 1.4+ | 1.8* |
| Young men | 30.6 | −3.1 | −0.8 | 48.3 | −1.3 | −2.8 | 21.3 | −3.7 | 9.1* | 23.7 | −3.1 | 5.6 |
| Middle men | 11.3 | −1.2 | −2.2 | 41.9 | −1.0 | −4.4 | 10.1 | 3.8 | −2.4 | 9.6 | 0.3 | 1.2 |
| Old men | 5.0 | 1.5 | −1.0 | 27.6 | −1.7 | −0.1 | 5.4 | −3.4+ | −3.1 + | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.5+ |
| Young women | 26.7 | −7.6 | −12.3** | 45.2 | −5.8 | −7.5* | 14.0 | 3.5 | −2.4 | 16.9 | −8.2+ | 0.3 |
| Middle women | 3.7 | −1.3 | −0.8 | 24.2 | 2.1 | −2.2 | 4.0 | −0.6 | −0.9 | 6.6 | −2.4 | −2.8 |
| Old women | 0.9 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 12.1 | 0.1 | −1.2 | 5.5 | −3.5+ | −4.9** | 0.2 | 1.4 | 1.3 |
| Extrinsic problems | ||||||||||||
| All | 8.9 | −2.8* | −1.7 | 16.3 | −1.0 | −0.6 | 9.1 | −3.1** | −1.9+ | 6.3 | −0.4 | 1.3 |
| Men | 12.6 | −2.7 | −1.7 | 20.9 | −2.0 | 0.2 | 10.8 | −3.3+ | −1.6 | 7.0 | 2.2 | 3.9* |
| Women | 5.3 | −3.2* | −1.6 | 11.5 | −0.1 | −1.2 | 7.4 | −3.0* | −2.3+ | 5.6 | −3.1* | −1.5 |
| Young, 16–29 yr. | 25.3 | −6.4+ | −3.6 | 34.4 | −1.8 | −4.6+ | 26.6 | −9.9** | −5.0 | 20.5 | −1.0 | 3.0 |
| Middle, 30–49 yr. | 5.5 | −2.5 | −1.6 | 12.8 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 3.6 | 0.6 | −1.0 | 4.4 | −2.1+ | 0.2 |
| Old, 50–69 yr. | 1.2 | −0.3 | 0.6 | 6.0 | −0.2 | 2.2* | 1.7 | −1.4+ | −0.3 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
| Young men | 32.6 | −4.6 | −0.3 | 41.4 | −5.6 | −6.5+ | 30.2 | −10.2+ | −3.1 | 23.4 | 5.5 | 11.0* |
| Middle men | 8.5 | −3.3 | −2.8 | 19.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 5.2 | 0.3 | −2.0 | 4.4 | −1.1 | 1.5 |
| Old men | 1.9 | −0.1 | 0.5 | 8.8 | 0.0 | 4.3* | 0.7 | −0.4 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
| Young women | 17.4 | −9.7* | −6.7* | 28.2 | 1.9 | −3.2 | 22.6 | −9.6* | −6.9 | 17.1 | −8.8+ | −5.6 |
| Middle women | 2.5 | −1.6 | −0.4 | 6.6 | −0.6 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 0.7 | −0.1 | 4.4 | −3.2+ | −1.2 |
| Old women | 0.6 | −0.6 | 0.6 | 2.5 | −0.7 | 0.2 | 2.6 | −2.3 | −1.8 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Notes: To test for significant changes, prevalence of 2+ problem scores are regressed on short- and long-term effects (adjusted for age, gender [if not separate model by gender], and income). Short = short-term change (prevalence 2004 — prevalence 2003); long = long-term change [(prevalence 2005 + prevalence 2006) / 2 – prevalence 2003]; yr. = year.
+
p < .10;
*
p < .05;
**
p < .01.