Table.

Characteristics of arboviruses with the risk of urbanization

Virus	History of temporary urbanization*	History of permanent urbanization*	Human viremia suitable for vector transmission**	Experimental competence of urban vectors**	Mutations associated with urban emergence	References
DENV	Yes	yes	yes	yes	No (except Asian strains of DENV-2; see Fig. 5)	(Vasilakis and Weaver, 2008)
CHIKV	Yes	Yes	yes	yes	E1 envelope glycoprotein mutation enhances Ae. albopictus infection	(Schuffenecker et al., 2006; Tsetsarkin et al., 2007; Vazeille et al., 2007)
YFV	Yes	no	yes	yes	No	(Monath, 2001)
ZIKV	yes	no	yes (presumed based on Yap outbreak)	no (but isolation from Ae. aegypti)	No	(Duffy et al., 2009; Marchette et al., 1969)
VEEV	No	no	yes	yes	No (although E2 envelope glycoprotein mutations enhance infection of epidemic vectors and equine amplification hosts)	(Anishchenko et al., 2006; Brault et al., 2002a; Brault et al., 2004; Weaver et al., 2004)
MAYV	No	no	unknown	yes	No	(Tesh et al., 1999)(Aguilar and Weaver, unpublished)

^*urban transmission exceeding 5 years is considered permanent

^**Aedes aegypti and/or Ae. albopictus