Coxiella burnetii real-time PCR positivity percentages in acute-phase and follow-up convalescent-phase serum samples from 65 patients with acute Q fever. Sera were grouped according to antibody profiles as determined by immunofluorescence assay. PCR was positive in 49/50 (98%) seronegative sera, 9/10 (90%) sera with isolated IgM-II antibodies, 3/13 (23%) sera with IgM-II/IgG-II antibodies, 2/41 (5%) sera with IgM-II/IgG-II/IgM-I antibodies, 0/15 (0%) sera with IgM-II/IgG-II/IgM-I/IgG-I antibodies, and 0/1 (0%) serum with IgM-II/IgG-II/IgG-I antibodies.